Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on changes in endogenous salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents. Material and Methods: An electronic search was perf...

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Main Authors: Rodrigo RODRIGUES, Caio Melo MESQUITA, Helena Benatt do Nascimento ALVES, Filipe Gontijo SILVA, Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA, Paula Cristiana Santos de AGUIAR, Carlos FLORES-MIR, Luiz Renato PARANHOS, Rui Barbosa de BRITO-JÚNIOR
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dental Press Editora 2024-12-01
Series:Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
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Online Access:http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512024000600300&lng=en&tlng=en
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author Rodrigo RODRIGUES
Caio Melo MESQUITA
Helena Benatt do Nascimento ALVES
Filipe Gontijo SILVA
Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA
Paula Cristiana Santos de AGUIAR
Carlos FLORES-MIR
Luiz Renato PARANHOS
Rui Barbosa de BRITO-JÚNIOR
author_facet Rodrigo RODRIGUES
Caio Melo MESQUITA
Helena Benatt do Nascimento ALVES
Filipe Gontijo SILVA
Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA
Paula Cristiana Santos de AGUIAR
Carlos FLORES-MIR
Luiz Renato PARANHOS
Rui Barbosa de BRITO-JÚNIOR
author_sort Rodrigo RODRIGUES
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on changes in endogenous salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in nine databases to identify quasi-experimental studies, without restricting publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias using the JBI tools, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE tool. Results: The electronic search found 7,038 records, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies had a low risk of bias. Biomarkers were grouped into five categories: electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and mediators. Electrolytes showed decreased Ca2+, Pi3+ and K+ levels, and increased Na+ and Cl- levels. All enzymes (ALP, LDH, MMP8, and MMP9) increased over time. Hormones presented a decrease in leptin and some fluctuations in daily cortisol levels. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE) had no significant changes, and salivary IgA showed divergent results among studies. Mediators (sRANKL, OPG, IL‐1β, and PGE2) showed fluctuations at different treatment stages, mainly after orthodontic activation. Conclusions: Based on a very low certainty level, orthodontic tooth movement had little to no effect on endogenous salivary biomarkers.
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spelling doaj-art-b3e7b7c9d7724f389d83d183c61f2bb12025-08-20T01:57:59ZengDental Press EditoraDental Press Journal of Orthodontics2177-67092024-12-0129610.1590/2177-6709.29.6.e242436.oarChanges in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic reviewRodrigo RODRIGUEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-2303Caio Melo MESQUITAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-3659Helena Benatt do Nascimento ALVEShttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3895-7871Filipe Gontijo SILVAhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-6816-7315Walbert de Andrade VIEIRAhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-2865Paula Cristiana Santos de AGUIARhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3226-3916Carlos FLORES-MIRhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-9385Luiz Renato PARANHOShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7599-0120Rui Barbosa de BRITO-JÚNIORhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-9438ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on changes in endogenous salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in nine databases to identify quasi-experimental studies, without restricting publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias using the JBI tools, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE tool. Results: The electronic search found 7,038 records, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies had a low risk of bias. Biomarkers were grouped into five categories: electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and mediators. Electrolytes showed decreased Ca2+, Pi3+ and K+ levels, and increased Na+ and Cl- levels. All enzymes (ALP, LDH, MMP8, and MMP9) increased over time. Hormones presented a decrease in leptin and some fluctuations in daily cortisol levels. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE) had no significant changes, and salivary IgA showed divergent results among studies. Mediators (sRANKL, OPG, IL‐1β, and PGE2) showed fluctuations at different treatment stages, mainly after orthodontic activation. Conclusions: Based on a very low certainty level, orthodontic tooth movement had little to no effect on endogenous salivary biomarkers.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512024000600300&lng=en&tlng=enOrthodonticsSalivaBiomarkers
spellingShingle Rodrigo RODRIGUES
Caio Melo MESQUITA
Helena Benatt do Nascimento ALVES
Filipe Gontijo SILVA
Walbert de Andrade VIEIRA
Paula Cristiana Santos de AGUIAR
Carlos FLORES-MIR
Luiz Renato PARANHOS
Rui Barbosa de BRITO-JÚNIOR
Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics
Orthodontics
Saliva
Biomarkers
title Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
title_full Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
title_fullStr Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
title_short Changes in salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review
title_sort changes in salivary biomarkers of pain anxiety stress and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment a systematic review
topic Orthodontics
Saliva
Biomarkers
url http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-94512024000600300&lng=en&tlng=en
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