P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>

Background/Objectives: <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> is a zoonotic enteroparasite causing severe diarrhea in newborn calves, leading to significant economic losses in dairy and beef farming. This study aimed to evaluate whether <i>C. parvum</i> p23-specific IgY antibodies cou...

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Main Authors: Anabela Mira, Carlos Javier Garro, Paloma de Alba, Demian Monti, Maria Cecilia Lang, Alejandro Vivas, Esteban Medina, Juan Cruz Franco, Álvaro Gutierrez, Leonhard Schnittger, Andrés Wigdorovitz, Viviana Parreño, Marina Bok
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/162
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author Anabela Mira
Carlos Javier Garro
Paloma de Alba
Demian Monti
Maria Cecilia Lang
Alejandro Vivas
Esteban Medina
Juan Cruz Franco
Álvaro Gutierrez
Leonhard Schnittger
Andrés Wigdorovitz
Viviana Parreño
Marina Bok
author_facet Anabela Mira
Carlos Javier Garro
Paloma de Alba
Demian Monti
Maria Cecilia Lang
Alejandro Vivas
Esteban Medina
Juan Cruz Franco
Álvaro Gutierrez
Leonhard Schnittger
Andrés Wigdorovitz
Viviana Parreño
Marina Bok
author_sort Anabela Mira
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objectives: <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> is a zoonotic enteroparasite causing severe diarrhea in newborn calves, leading to significant economic losses in dairy and beef farming. This study aimed to evaluate whether <i>C. parvum</i> p23-specific IgY antibodies could control neonatal calf diarrhea caused by <i>C. parvum</i>. Methods: A recombinant immunogen comprising the p23 protein fused to the antigen-presenting cell homing (APCH) molecule was expressed using the baculovirus system. Hens were immunized with the APCH-p23 immunogen, and the resulting IgY was spray-dried for treatment use. Eight newborn calves were included in the study and received commercial colostrum within the first 12 h of life. Four calves were treated with 20 g of powdered egg containing IgY (p23-specific IgY titer of 256 in milk) twice daily for 7 days. The remaining four calves received regular non-supplemented milk. All calves were orally infected with 6 million oocysts and monitored for 21 days. Results: Calves treated with p23-specific IgY exhibited significantly reduced diarrhea duration (3.5 vs. 7.5 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0397) and oocyst shedding duration (6.50 vs. 12 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0089). In addition, the total number of excreted oocysts, as measured by the change of the area under the curve (AUC), was significantly reduced in the treated group (14.25 vs. 33.45; <i>p</i> = 0.0117). Although the onset of diarrhea was delayed (3.5 to 6.5 days post-infection; <i>p</i> = 0.1840), and diarrhea severity was reduced (24.25 to 17 AUC; <i>p</i> = 0.1236), both parameters were not statistically significant. Conclusions: P23-specific IgY antibodies effectively reduced the <i>C. parvum</i>-induced duration of diarrhea in experimentally infected calves. These findings highlight the potential of this passive treatment as a promising strategy for controlling neonatal calf diarrhea.
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spelling doaj-art-b3d86f9d624f4e3ab984bd6bcff6ff3b2025-08-20T02:03:31ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-02-0113216210.3390/vaccines13020162P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>Anabela Mira0Carlos Javier Garro1Paloma de Alba2Demian Monti3Maria Cecilia Lang4Alejandro Vivas5Esteban Medina6Juan Cruz Franco7Álvaro Gutierrez8Leonhard Schnittger9Andrés Wigdorovitz10Viviana Parreño11Marina Bok12Bioinnovo S.A., De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaInstituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IP-IPVet), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA-CONICET), De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaInstituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IP-IPVet), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA-CONICET), De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaINCUINTA, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaBioinnovo S.A., De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaBioinnovo S.A., De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaBioinnovo S.A., De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaBioinnovo S.A., De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaINCUINTA, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaInstituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IP-IPVet), CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA-CONICET), De Los Reseros y Nicolás Repetto S/N, Buenos Aires 1686, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, ArgentinaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425FQB, ArgentinaBackground/Objectives: <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> is a zoonotic enteroparasite causing severe diarrhea in newborn calves, leading to significant economic losses in dairy and beef farming. This study aimed to evaluate whether <i>C. parvum</i> p23-specific IgY antibodies could control neonatal calf diarrhea caused by <i>C. parvum</i>. Methods: A recombinant immunogen comprising the p23 protein fused to the antigen-presenting cell homing (APCH) molecule was expressed using the baculovirus system. Hens were immunized with the APCH-p23 immunogen, and the resulting IgY was spray-dried for treatment use. Eight newborn calves were included in the study and received commercial colostrum within the first 12 h of life. Four calves were treated with 20 g of powdered egg containing IgY (p23-specific IgY titer of 256 in milk) twice daily for 7 days. The remaining four calves received regular non-supplemented milk. All calves were orally infected with 6 million oocysts and monitored for 21 days. Results: Calves treated with p23-specific IgY exhibited significantly reduced diarrhea duration (3.5 vs. 7.5 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0397) and oocyst shedding duration (6.50 vs. 12 days; <i>p</i> = 0.0089). In addition, the total number of excreted oocysts, as measured by the change of the area under the curve (AUC), was significantly reduced in the treated group (14.25 vs. 33.45; <i>p</i> = 0.0117). Although the onset of diarrhea was delayed (3.5 to 6.5 days post-infection; <i>p</i> = 0.1840), and diarrhea severity was reduced (24.25 to 17 AUC; <i>p</i> = 0.1236), both parameters were not statistically significant. Conclusions: P23-specific IgY antibodies effectively reduced the <i>C. parvum</i>-induced duration of diarrhea in experimentally infected calves. These findings highlight the potential of this passive treatment as a promising strategy for controlling neonatal calf diarrhea.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/162<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>neonatal diarrheacalvesIgYtreatment
spellingShingle Anabela Mira
Carlos Javier Garro
Paloma de Alba
Demian Monti
Maria Cecilia Lang
Alejandro Vivas
Esteban Medina
Juan Cruz Franco
Álvaro Gutierrez
Leonhard Schnittger
Andrés Wigdorovitz
Viviana Parreño
Marina Bok
P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
Vaccines
<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
neonatal diarrhea
calves
IgY
treatment
title P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
title_full P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
title_fullStr P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
title_full_unstemmed P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
title_short P23-Specific IgY Significantly Reduces Diarrhea and Oocyst Shedding in Calves Experimentally Infected with <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
title_sort p23 specific igy significantly reduces diarrhea and oocyst shedding in calves experimentally infected with i cryptosporidium parvum i
topic <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>
neonatal diarrhea
calves
IgY
treatment
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/2/162
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