Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency

This study investigates advanced strategies for r regenerating and recycling lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, LFP) materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Recovery techniques are categorized into direct regeneration, which restores positive electrode materials with high el...

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Main Authors: Alexandra Kosenko, Antonina Bolotova, Konstantin Pushnitsa, Pavel Novikov, Anatoliy A. Popovich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Batteries
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/4/136
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author Alexandra Kosenko
Antonina Bolotova
Konstantin Pushnitsa
Pavel Novikov
Anatoliy A. Popovich
author_facet Alexandra Kosenko
Antonina Bolotova
Konstantin Pushnitsa
Pavel Novikov
Anatoliy A. Popovich
author_sort Alexandra Kosenko
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates advanced strategies for r regenerating and recycling lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, LFP) materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Recovery techniques are categorized into direct regeneration, which restores positive electrode materials with high electrochemical performance, and recycling, which produces intermediate compounds such as lithium carbonate and iron phosphate. Additionally, resynthesis methods are explored to convert recovered precursors into high-quality LFP materials, ensuring their reuse in battery production. Innovative approaches, including carbothermic reduction, doping, and hydrothermal resynthesis, are highlighted for their ability to enhance material properties, improve energy efficiency, and maintain the olivine structure of LFP. Key advancements include the use of eco-friendly reagents, automation, and optimization strategies to reduce environmental impacts and costs. Regenerated and resynthesized positive electrodes demonstrated performance metrics comparable to or exceeding commercial LFP, showcasing their potential for widespread application. This work underscores the importance of closed-loop recycling systems and identifies pathways for scaling, improving economic feasibility, and minimizing the ecological footprint of the lithium-ion battery lifecycle.
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id doaj-art-b3c6bf3fd0c54143a15a5a0ce6caf9ce
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issn 2313-0105
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Batteries
spelling doaj-art-b3c6bf3fd0c54143a15a5a0ce6caf9ce2025-08-20T02:24:42ZengMDPI AGBatteries2313-01052025-03-0111413610.3390/batteries11040136Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and EfficiencyAlexandra Kosenko0Antonina Bolotova1Konstantin Pushnitsa2Pavel Novikov3Anatoliy A. Popovich4Institute of Machinery, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politechnicheskaya Ul. 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Machinery, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politechnicheskaya Ul. 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Machinery, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politechnicheskaya Ul. 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Machinery, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politechnicheskaya Ul. 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, RussiaInstitute of Machinery, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politechnicheskaya Ul. 29, 195251 Saint Petersburg, RussiaThis study investigates advanced strategies for r regenerating and recycling lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, LFP) materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. Recovery techniques are categorized into direct regeneration, which restores positive electrode materials with high electrochemical performance, and recycling, which produces intermediate compounds such as lithium carbonate and iron phosphate. Additionally, resynthesis methods are explored to convert recovered precursors into high-quality LFP materials, ensuring their reuse in battery production. Innovative approaches, including carbothermic reduction, doping, and hydrothermal resynthesis, are highlighted for their ability to enhance material properties, improve energy efficiency, and maintain the olivine structure of LFP. Key advancements include the use of eco-friendly reagents, automation, and optimization strategies to reduce environmental impacts and costs. Regenerated and resynthesized positive electrodes demonstrated performance metrics comparable to or exceeding commercial LFP, showcasing their potential for widespread application. This work underscores the importance of closed-loop recycling systems and identifies pathways for scaling, improving economic feasibility, and minimizing the ecological footprint of the lithium-ion battery lifecycle.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/4/136lithium iron phosphatedirect regenerationrecoveryresynthesisrecyclingspent lithium-ion battery
spellingShingle Alexandra Kosenko
Antonina Bolotova
Konstantin Pushnitsa
Pavel Novikov
Anatoliy A. Popovich
Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
Batteries
lithium iron phosphate
direct regeneration
recovery
resynthesis
recycling
spent lithium-ion battery
title Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
title_full Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
title_fullStr Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
title_full_unstemmed Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
title_short Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Regeneration and Recycling: Techniques and Efficiency
title_sort lithium iron phosphate battery regeneration and recycling techniques and efficiency
topic lithium iron phosphate
direct regeneration
recovery
resynthesis
recycling
spent lithium-ion battery
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-0105/11/4/136
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AT antoninabolotova lithiumironphosphatebatteryregenerationandrecyclingtechniquesandefficiency
AT konstantinpushnitsa lithiumironphosphatebatteryregenerationandrecyclingtechniquesandefficiency
AT pavelnovikov lithiumironphosphatebatteryregenerationandrecyclingtechniquesandefficiency
AT anatoliyapopovich lithiumironphosphatebatteryregenerationandrecyclingtechniquesandefficiency