City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States

Abstract Neighborhoods are frequently cited as impactful for social, economic, political, and health outcomes. Measuring neighborhoods, however, is challenging, as the definition of a neighborhood may change dramatically across places. Researchers lack widespread but locally-sourced data on neighbor...

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Main Authors: Stephen Ansolabehere, Jacob R. Brown, Ryan D. Enos, Ben Shair, Tyler Simko, David Sutton
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Data
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05329-6
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author Stephen Ansolabehere
Jacob R. Brown
Ryan D. Enos
Ben Shair
Tyler Simko
David Sutton
author_facet Stephen Ansolabehere
Jacob R. Brown
Ryan D. Enos
Ben Shair
Tyler Simko
David Sutton
author_sort Stephen Ansolabehere
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Neighborhoods are frequently cited as impactful for social, economic, political, and health outcomes. Measuring neighborhoods, however, is challenging, as the definition of a neighborhood may change dramatically across places. Researchers lack widespread but locally-sourced data on neighborhoods, and instead often adopt widely available but arbitrary Census geographies as neighborhood proxies. Others invest in the collection of more precise definitions, but these types of data are hard to collect at scale. We address this tension between scale and precision by collecting, cleaning, and providing to researchers a new dataset of city-defined neighborhoods. Our data includes 206 of the largest cities in the United States, covering more than 77 million people. We combine these data with block-level Census demographic data and provide them along with open-source software to aid researchers in their use.
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spelling doaj-art-b3c44fe9e2ac4a61a6c8a65fed90380d2025-08-20T03:22:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Data2052-44632025-06-011211810.1038/s41597-025-05329-6City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United StatesStephen Ansolabehere0Jacob R. Brown1Ryan D. Enos2Ben Shair3Tyler Simko4David Sutton5Harvard University, Department of GovernmentBoston University, Department of Political ScienceHarvard University, Department of GovernmentUniversity of RochesterPrinceton University, Department of PoliticsHarvard University, Department of GovernmentAbstract Neighborhoods are frequently cited as impactful for social, economic, political, and health outcomes. Measuring neighborhoods, however, is challenging, as the definition of a neighborhood may change dramatically across places. Researchers lack widespread but locally-sourced data on neighborhoods, and instead often adopt widely available but arbitrary Census geographies as neighborhood proxies. Others invest in the collection of more precise definitions, but these types of data are hard to collect at scale. We address this tension between scale and precision by collecting, cleaning, and providing to researchers a new dataset of city-defined neighborhoods. Our data includes 206 of the largest cities in the United States, covering more than 77 million people. We combine these data with block-level Census demographic data and provide them along with open-source software to aid researchers in their use.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05329-6
spellingShingle Stephen Ansolabehere
Jacob R. Brown
Ryan D. Enos
Ben Shair
Tyler Simko
David Sutton
City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
Scientific Data
title City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
title_full City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
title_fullStr City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
title_full_unstemmed City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
title_short City-Defined Neighborhood Boundaries in the United States
title_sort city defined neighborhood boundaries in the united states
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05329-6
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