Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions

With the rising demand for sustainable infrastructure, addressing the limitations of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is crucial, particularly for exposed structures such as pavements and bridge decks. Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a sustainable alternative that delivers environmental benefits an...

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Main Authors: Daniel D. Akerele, Federico Aguayo, Lingzi Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/5/660
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author Daniel D. Akerele
Federico Aguayo
Lingzi Wu
author_facet Daniel D. Akerele
Federico Aguayo
Lingzi Wu
author_sort Daniel D. Akerele
collection DOAJ
description With the rising demand for sustainable infrastructure, addressing the limitations of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is crucial, particularly for exposed structures such as pavements and bridge decks. Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a sustainable alternative that delivers environmental benefits and comparable performance. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with a random-effects model to evaluate PLC’s strength development, durability, and sustainability. The findings indicate that PLC generally matches or surpasses OPC in terms of compressive strength, freeze–thaw resistance, and sulfate durability. However, its setting time and early-age cracking require further optimization, especially in cold climates. Additionally, this study highlights the fire performance advantages of PLC and its enhanced chloride resistance. The analysis identified critical research gaps, including long-term field performance and regional adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of PLC’s role in sustainable construction and offer future research directions on hybrid cements and admixture compatibility.
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spelling doaj-art-b3a8db5f2ff24e0280978bac1053b9382025-08-20T02:58:58ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-02-0115566010.3390/buildings15050660Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future DirectionsDaniel D. Akerele0Federico Aguayo1Lingzi Wu2Department of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Construction Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USAWith the rising demand for sustainable infrastructure, addressing the limitations of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is crucial, particularly for exposed structures such as pavements and bridge decks. Portland limestone cement (PLC) is a sustainable alternative that delivers environmental benefits and comparable performance. This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis with a random-effects model to evaluate PLC’s strength development, durability, and sustainability. The findings indicate that PLC generally matches or surpasses OPC in terms of compressive strength, freeze–thaw resistance, and sulfate durability. However, its setting time and early-age cracking require further optimization, especially in cold climates. Additionally, this study highlights the fire performance advantages of PLC and its enhanced chloride resistance. The analysis identified critical research gaps, including long-term field performance and regional adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of PLC’s role in sustainable construction and offer future research directions on hybrid cements and admixture compatibility.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/5/660Portland limestone cement (PLC)type 1L cementconcrete pavementbridge decksustainabilitylow-carbon
spellingShingle Daniel D. Akerele
Federico Aguayo
Lingzi Wu
Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
Buildings
Portland limestone cement (PLC)
type 1L cement
concrete pavement
bridge deck
sustainability
low-carbon
title Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
title_full Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
title_fullStr Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
title_full_unstemmed Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
title_short Portland Limestone Cement in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Decks: Performance Evaluation and Future Directions
title_sort portland limestone cement in concrete pavement and bridge decks performance evaluation and future directions
topic Portland limestone cement (PLC)
type 1L cement
concrete pavement
bridge deck
sustainability
low-carbon
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/5/660
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AT federicoaguayo portlandlimestonecementinconcretepavementandbridgedecksperformanceevaluationandfuturedirections
AT lingziwu portlandlimestonecementinconcretepavementandbridgedecksperformanceevaluationandfuturedirections