Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages

The bioaccessibility of flavonoids is of paramount importance in determining their bioavailability and biological effects. Bioaccessibility is influenced by several aspects, comprising the food matrix and the structure of flavonoids. In the present study, the bioaccessibility of different classes of...

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Main Authors: Alice Cattivelli, Melissa Zannini, Maddalena De Angeli, Domenico D’Arca, Vincenzo Minischetti, Angela Conte, Davide Tagliazucchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1081
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author Alice Cattivelli
Melissa Zannini
Maddalena De Angeli
Domenico D’Arca
Vincenzo Minischetti
Angela Conte
Davide Tagliazucchi
author_facet Alice Cattivelli
Melissa Zannini
Maddalena De Angeli
Domenico D’Arca
Vincenzo Minischetti
Angela Conte
Davide Tagliazucchi
author_sort Alice Cattivelli
collection DOAJ
description The bioaccessibility of flavonoids is of paramount importance in determining their bioavailability and biological effects. Bioaccessibility is influenced by several aspects, comprising the food matrix and the structure of flavonoids. In the present study, the bioaccessibility of different classes of flavonoids (flavanones, flavones, and flavonols) was investigated after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion of beverages and vegetables. O-glycosylated flavanones were stable during in vitro digestion and easily released from the food matrix. Otherwise, C-glycosylated flavanones displayed a lower bioaccessibility index. Similarly, flavones exhibited a high bioaccessibility index in beverages and vegetables, with the O-glycosylated forms being more stable than the C-glycosylated. Flavonols displayed different stability under gastro-intestinal conditions depending on their structure. The presence of a catechol moiety in the B-ring, as observed in 3-O-glycosylated quercetins, negatively impacted flavonol stability in comparison with kaempferol derivatives that lack the catechol moiety. Indeed, the presence of more than one sugar or the glycosylation of the OH group in the B-ring improved the digestive stability of quercetin derivatives. For flavonols, a clear food matrix effect was observed by comparing the bioaccessibility in beverages and vegetable foods. These findings may aid in improving the comprehension of the biological effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.
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spelling doaj-art-b3a229f0ea1a49f184fc554bf07e42bb2025-08-20T02:55:31ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-12-011312108110.3390/biology13121081Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and BeveragesAlice Cattivelli0Melissa Zannini1Maddalena De Angeli2Domenico D’Arca3Vincenzo Minischetti4Angela Conte5Davide Tagliazucchi6Nutritional Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNutritional Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNutritional Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, ItalyNutritional Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyNutritional Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, ItalyThe bioaccessibility of flavonoids is of paramount importance in determining their bioavailability and biological effects. Bioaccessibility is influenced by several aspects, comprising the food matrix and the structure of flavonoids. In the present study, the bioaccessibility of different classes of flavonoids (flavanones, flavones, and flavonols) was investigated after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion of beverages and vegetables. O-glycosylated flavanones were stable during in vitro digestion and easily released from the food matrix. Otherwise, C-glycosylated flavanones displayed a lower bioaccessibility index. Similarly, flavones exhibited a high bioaccessibility index in beverages and vegetables, with the O-glycosylated forms being more stable than the C-glycosylated. Flavonols displayed different stability under gastro-intestinal conditions depending on their structure. The presence of a catechol moiety in the B-ring, as observed in 3-O-glycosylated quercetins, negatively impacted flavonol stability in comparison with kaempferol derivatives that lack the catechol moiety. Indeed, the presence of more than one sugar or the glycosylation of the OH group in the B-ring improved the digestive stability of quercetin derivatives. For flavonols, a clear food matrix effect was observed by comparing the bioaccessibility in beverages and vegetable foods. These findings may aid in improving the comprehension of the biological effects of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1081phenolic compoundsmass spectrometryfood matrixgastro-intestinal digestionbioavailability
spellingShingle Alice Cattivelli
Melissa Zannini
Maddalena De Angeli
Domenico D’Arca
Vincenzo Minischetti
Angela Conte
Davide Tagliazucchi
Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
Biology
phenolic compounds
mass spectrometry
food matrix
gastro-intestinal digestion
bioavailability
title Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
title_full Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
title_fullStr Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
title_full_unstemmed Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
title_short Bioaccessibility of Flavones, Flavanones, and Flavonols from Vegetable Foods and Beverages
title_sort bioaccessibility of flavones flavanones and flavonols from vegetable foods and beverages
topic phenolic compounds
mass spectrometry
food matrix
gastro-intestinal digestion
bioavailability
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/12/1081
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