Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid

Artemisia argyi, an essential plant in traditional Chinese medicine, encounters significant challenges in the development of germplasm resources and cytological research. This study employed the A. argyi reference genome to develop 20 repetitive sequence oligonucleotide (oligo) probes, all of which...

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Main Authors: Lina Li, Pei Du, Dahui Liu, Xiangyang Li, Guixiao La, Guixia Shi, Dandan Dai, Tiegang Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1621415/full
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author Lina Li
Pei Du
Dahui Liu
Xiangyang Li
Guixiao La
Guixia Shi
Dandan Dai
Tiegang Yang
author_facet Lina Li
Pei Du
Dahui Liu
Xiangyang Li
Guixiao La
Guixia Shi
Dandan Dai
Tiegang Yang
author_sort Lina Li
collection DOAJ
description Artemisia argyi, an essential plant in traditional Chinese medicine, encounters significant challenges in the development of germplasm resources and cytological research. This study employed the A. argyi reference genome to develop 20 repetitive sequence oligonucleotide (oligo) probes, all of which produced clear signals on the chromosomes of the cultivar Qicun Xiang Ai (QCXA). These probes were configured into two probe cocktails (Multiplex #1 and Multiplex #2) that effectively generated chromosome signals under non-denaturing hybridization conditions through probe staining. By integrating probe staining with 45S rDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and electronic localization techniques, we established a genome map-based karyotype for QCXA that corresponded to its genomic sequence map. Utilizing this karyotype, we identified almost all chromosomes of the cultivars Wan Ai Ls-9 (WALs-9), Anguo Qi Ai (AGQA), and Anyang Bei Ai (AYBA) and investigated meiotic chromosome pairing behavior in WALs-9. These findings suggest that A. argyi may be a distinctive allotetraploid with a base chromosome number of 17. while AYBA (x = 8) appears to be a related species. Furthermore, a novel octoploid germplasm (APLs-9) is successfully generated and characterized through chromosomal doubling, demonstrating significantly enhanced moxa length and moxa content per leaf area - traits with substantial potential for improving both quality and yield. The developed octoploid and high-resolution karyotyping system are poised to significantly advance A. argyi breeding and production.
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spelling doaj-art-b3a0adf417ea4833b9491d778fd3a19e2025-08-20T03:26:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-06-011610.3389/fpls.2025.16214151621415Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploidLina Li0Pei Du1Dahui Liu2Xiangyang Li3Guixiao La4Guixia Shi5Dandan Dai6Tiegang Yang7Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaProvincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, ChinaArtemisia argyi, an essential plant in traditional Chinese medicine, encounters significant challenges in the development of germplasm resources and cytological research. This study employed the A. argyi reference genome to develop 20 repetitive sequence oligonucleotide (oligo) probes, all of which produced clear signals on the chromosomes of the cultivar Qicun Xiang Ai (QCXA). These probes were configured into two probe cocktails (Multiplex #1 and Multiplex #2) that effectively generated chromosome signals under non-denaturing hybridization conditions through probe staining. By integrating probe staining with 45S rDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and electronic localization techniques, we established a genome map-based karyotype for QCXA that corresponded to its genomic sequence map. Utilizing this karyotype, we identified almost all chromosomes of the cultivars Wan Ai Ls-9 (WALs-9), Anguo Qi Ai (AGQA), and Anyang Bei Ai (AYBA) and investigated meiotic chromosome pairing behavior in WALs-9. These findings suggest that A. argyi may be a distinctive allotetraploid with a base chromosome number of 17. while AYBA (x = 8) appears to be a related species. Furthermore, a novel octoploid germplasm (APLs-9) is successfully generated and characterized through chromosomal doubling, demonstrating significantly enhanced moxa length and moxa content per leaf area - traits with substantial potential for improving both quality and yield. The developed octoploid and high-resolution karyotyping system are poised to significantly advance A. argyi breeding and production.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1621415/fullArtemisia argyirepetitive oligonucleotidekaryotypeoctoploidmoxa
spellingShingle Lina Li
Pei Du
Dahui Liu
Xiangyang Li
Guixiao La
Guixia Shi
Dandan Dai
Tiegang Yang
Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
Frontiers in Plant Science
Artemisia argyi
repetitive oligonucleotide
karyotype
octoploid
moxa
title Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
title_full Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
title_fullStr Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
title_full_unstemmed Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
title_short Establishment of a genome map-based karyotype of Artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
title_sort establishment of a genome map based karyotype of artemisia argyi and identification of a new octoploid
topic Artemisia argyi
repetitive oligonucleotide
karyotype
octoploid
moxa
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1621415/full
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