A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are emerging as powerful tools for predicting individual susceptibility to various diseases and traits based on genetic variants. These scores integrate information from multiple genetic markers associated with the trait or disease of interest, offering personalized risk...

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Main Authors: Sara Benoumhani, Areej Al-Wabil, Niddal Imam, Bashayer Alfawaz, Amaan Zubairi, Dalal Aldossary, Mariam AlEissa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-08-01
Series:PeerJ Computer Science
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3039.pdf
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author Sara Benoumhani
Areej Al-Wabil
Niddal Imam
Bashayer Alfawaz
Amaan Zubairi
Dalal Aldossary
Mariam AlEissa
author_facet Sara Benoumhani
Areej Al-Wabil
Niddal Imam
Bashayer Alfawaz
Amaan Zubairi
Dalal Aldossary
Mariam AlEissa
author_sort Sara Benoumhani
collection DOAJ
description Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are emerging as powerful tools for predicting individual susceptibility to various diseases and traits based on genetic variants. These scores integrate information from multiple genetic markers associated with the trait or disease of interest, offering personalized risk assessment and enhancing disease management strategies. PRS is an active area of research and is being studied in various fields, such as disease prediction. This review explores the advancement of PRS research, focusing on methodological approaches, software tools, and applications across diverse disciplines. A systematic literature review identified 40 relevant articles classified based on PRS methods and software. Key methods for PRS computation, including penalized regression and threshold-based approaches, Bayesian approaches, and machine learning approaches, are discussed, along with notable software and their features. Applications of PRS in disease prevention are highlighted. Challenges and future directions, such as increasing diversity in genetic data, integrating environmental factors, and evaluating clinical implications, are also discussed to guide future research and implementation efforts.
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issn 2376-5992
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publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher PeerJ Inc.
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series PeerJ Computer Science
spelling doaj-art-b38fbabf0237450a82f2aac190e724822025-08-20T03:40:41ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ Computer Science2376-59922025-08-0111e303910.7717/peerj-cs.3039A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysisSara Benoumhani0Areej Al-Wabil1Niddal Imam2Bashayer Alfawaz3Amaan Zubairi4Dalal Aldossary5Mariam AlEissa6Artificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPolygenic risk scores (PRSs) are emerging as powerful tools for predicting individual susceptibility to various diseases and traits based on genetic variants. These scores integrate information from multiple genetic markers associated with the trait or disease of interest, offering personalized risk assessment and enhancing disease management strategies. PRS is an active area of research and is being studied in various fields, such as disease prediction. This review explores the advancement of PRS research, focusing on methodological approaches, software tools, and applications across diverse disciplines. A systematic literature review identified 40 relevant articles classified based on PRS methods and software. Key methods for PRS computation, including penalized regression and threshold-based approaches, Bayesian approaches, and machine learning approaches, are discussed, along with notable software and their features. Applications of PRS in disease prevention are highlighted. Challenges and future directions, such as increasing diversity in genetic data, integrating environmental factors, and evaluating clinical implications, are also discussed to guide future research and implementation efforts.https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3039.pdfPolygenic risk score (PRS)Polygenic risk scores (PRSs)PRS predictionPRS softwarePRS toolsSystematic literature review
spellingShingle Sara Benoumhani
Areej Al-Wabil
Niddal Imam
Bashayer Alfawaz
Amaan Zubairi
Dalal Aldossary
Mariam AlEissa
A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
PeerJ Computer Science
Polygenic risk score (PRS)
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs)
PRS prediction
PRS software
PRS tools
Systematic literature review
title A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
title_full A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
title_fullStr A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
title_full_unstemmed A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
title_short A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
title_sort review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis
topic Polygenic risk score (PRS)
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs)
PRS prediction
PRS software
PRS tools
Systematic literature review
url https://peerj.com/articles/cs-3039.pdf
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