Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is commonly associated with respiratory symptoms, either through a vagal bronchoconstrictive reflex or through microaspiration of gastric contents. No diagnostic test is available, however, to diagnose when respiratory illnesses are caused by GER and when not, but resea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/148086 |
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| author | Össur Ingi Emilsson Þórarinn Gíslason Anna-Carin Olin Christer Janson Ísleifur Ólafsson |
| author_facet | Össur Ingi Emilsson Þórarinn Gíslason Anna-Carin Olin Christer Janson Ísleifur Ólafsson |
| author_sort | Össur Ingi Emilsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is commonly associated with respiratory symptoms, either through a vagal bronchoconstrictive reflex or through microaspiration of gastric contents. No diagnostic test is available, however, to diagnose when respiratory illnesses are caused by GER and when not, but research in this field has been moving forward. Various biomarkers in different types of biosamples have been studied in this context. The aim of this review is to summarize the present knowledge in this field. GER patients with respiratory diseases seem to have a different biochemical profile from similar patients without GER. Inflammatory biomarkers differ in asthmatics based on GER status, tachykinins are elevated in patients with GER-related cough, and bile acids are elevated in lung transplant patients with GER. However, studies on these biomarkers are often limited by their small size, methods of analysis, and case selections. The two pathogenesis mechanisms are associated with different respiratory illnesses and biochemical profiles. A reliable test to identify GER-induced respiratory disorders needs to be developed. Bronchoalveolar lavage is too invasive to be of use in most patients. Exhaled breath condensate samples need further evaluation and standardization. The newly developed particles in exhaled air measurements remain to be studied further. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b37a19793db94281bbac75d62b9aab12 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-6121 1687-630X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-b37a19793db94281bbac75d62b9aab122025-08-20T02:23:24ZengWileyGastroenterology Research and Practice1687-61211687-630X2013-01-01201310.1155/2013/148086148086Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory DiseasesÖssur Ingi Emilsson0Þórarinn Gíslason1Anna-Carin Olin2Christer Janson3Ísleifur Ólafsson4Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, IcelandFaculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Vatnsmyarvegur 16, 101 Reykjavik, IcelandOccupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 90 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, 753 12 Uppsala, SwedenDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali University Hospital, 108 Reykjavik, IcelandGastroesophageal reflux (GER) is commonly associated with respiratory symptoms, either through a vagal bronchoconstrictive reflex or through microaspiration of gastric contents. No diagnostic test is available, however, to diagnose when respiratory illnesses are caused by GER and when not, but research in this field has been moving forward. Various biomarkers in different types of biosamples have been studied in this context. The aim of this review is to summarize the present knowledge in this field. GER patients with respiratory diseases seem to have a different biochemical profile from similar patients without GER. Inflammatory biomarkers differ in asthmatics based on GER status, tachykinins are elevated in patients with GER-related cough, and bile acids are elevated in lung transplant patients with GER. However, studies on these biomarkers are often limited by their small size, methods of analysis, and case selections. The two pathogenesis mechanisms are associated with different respiratory illnesses and biochemical profiles. A reliable test to identify GER-induced respiratory disorders needs to be developed. Bronchoalveolar lavage is too invasive to be of use in most patients. Exhaled breath condensate samples need further evaluation and standardization. The newly developed particles in exhaled air measurements remain to be studied further.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/148086 |
| spellingShingle | Össur Ingi Emilsson Þórarinn Gíslason Anna-Carin Olin Christer Janson Ísleifur Ólafsson Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases Gastroenterology Research and Practice |
| title | Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases |
| title_full | Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases |
| title_short | Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal Reflux in Respiratory Diseases |
| title_sort | biomarkers for gastroesophageal reflux in respiratory diseases |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/148086 |
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