Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study

Abstract Purpose The retention force of a realistic clasp is influenced by multiple, interrelated factors, which complicates the identification of the fundamental relationship between clasp geometry and retention force. While realistic clasps exhibit various shapes, they share basic geometric elemen...

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Main Authors: Ruizhen Chen, Yao Chen, Zhiqiang Zheng, Jie Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05334-y
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author Ruizhen Chen
Yao Chen
Zhiqiang Zheng
Jie Lin
author_facet Ruizhen Chen
Yao Chen
Zhiqiang Zheng
Jie Lin
author_sort Ruizhen Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose The retention force of a realistic clasp is influenced by multiple, interrelated factors, which complicates the identification of the fundamental relationship between clasp geometry and retention force. While realistic clasps exhibit various shapes, they share basic geometric elements such as length, diameter, and curvature. Simpler geometries are often more conducive to identifying the underlying issues. The aim is to investigate the relationship between clasp geometry and retention force using finite element analysis. Methods A three-dimensional clasp model was created in ANSYS 19.0 (ANSYS, USA). Two types of models were analyzed: rod-shaped clasps with varying lengths (1–15 mm) and diameters (0.6–1.6 mm), and bending clasps with different base widths (6–12 mm) and heights (0.5–5 mm), all made from cobalt-chromium alloys. For the rod models, stress and retention force were assessed by applying displacement loads and analyzing data with nonlinear regression. For the bending models, a similar analysis was conducted for varying base widths and heights. Results Maximum stress consistently concentrated at the clasp base. In rod models, retention force decreased with the third power of length and increased with the fourth power of diameter. For bent specimens, the retention force was approximately inversely proportional to the cube of the base width and inversely proportional to the first power of the height. Conclusions Finite element analysis revealed distinct functional relationships between clasp geometry and retention force. Further laboratory validation is required.
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spelling doaj-art-b3440cc4d3cb4f49b4f77f4878e9d4202025-08-20T02:40:18ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-12-012411810.1186/s12903-024-05334-yEffect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis studyRuizhen Chen0Yao Chen1Zhiqiang Zheng2Jie Lin3Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical UniversityFujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical UniversityAbstract Purpose The retention force of a realistic clasp is influenced by multiple, interrelated factors, which complicates the identification of the fundamental relationship between clasp geometry and retention force. While realistic clasps exhibit various shapes, they share basic geometric elements such as length, diameter, and curvature. Simpler geometries are often more conducive to identifying the underlying issues. The aim is to investigate the relationship between clasp geometry and retention force using finite element analysis. Methods A three-dimensional clasp model was created in ANSYS 19.0 (ANSYS, USA). Two types of models were analyzed: rod-shaped clasps with varying lengths (1–15 mm) and diameters (0.6–1.6 mm), and bending clasps with different base widths (6–12 mm) and heights (0.5–5 mm), all made from cobalt-chromium alloys. For the rod models, stress and retention force were assessed by applying displacement loads and analyzing data with nonlinear regression. For the bending models, a similar analysis was conducted for varying base widths and heights. Results Maximum stress consistently concentrated at the clasp base. In rod models, retention force decreased with the third power of length and increased with the fourth power of diameter. For bent specimens, the retention force was approximately inversely proportional to the cube of the base width and inversely proportional to the first power of the height. Conclusions Finite element analysis revealed distinct functional relationships between clasp geometry and retention force. Further laboratory validation is required.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05334-yClaspFinite element analysisRetention forceLengthDiameterUndercut
spellingShingle Ruizhen Chen
Yao Chen
Zhiqiang Zheng
Jie Lin
Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
BMC Oral Health
Clasp
Finite element analysis
Retention force
Length
Diameter
Undercut
title Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
title_full Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
title_fullStr Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
title_full_unstemmed Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
title_short Effect of geometry on clasp retention force: a finite element analysis study
title_sort effect of geometry on clasp retention force a finite element analysis study
topic Clasp
Finite element analysis
Retention force
Length
Diameter
Undercut
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05334-y
work_keys_str_mv AT ruizhenchen effectofgeometryonclaspretentionforceafiniteelementanalysisstudy
AT yaochen effectofgeometryonclaspretentionforceafiniteelementanalysisstudy
AT zhiqiangzheng effectofgeometryonclaspretentionforceafiniteelementanalysisstudy
AT jielin effectofgeometryonclaspretentionforceafiniteelementanalysisstudy