Macrocycle-based PROTACs selectively degrade cyclophilin A and inhibit HIV-1 and HCV

Abstract Targeting host proteins that are crucial for viral replication offers a promising antiviral strategy. We have designed and characterised antiviral PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting the human protein cyclophilin A (CypA), a host cofactor for unrelated viruses including human...

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Main Authors: Lydia S. Newton, Clara Gathmann, Sophie Ridewood, Robert J. Smith, Andre J. Wijaya, Thomas W. Hornsby, Kate L. Morling, Dara Annett, Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi, Ann-Kathrin Reuschl, Morten L. Govasli, Ying Ying Tan, Lucy G. Thorne, Clare Jolly, Konstantinos Thalassinos, Alessio Ciulli, Greg J. Towers, David L. Selwood
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56317-8
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Summary:Abstract Targeting host proteins that are crucial for viral replication offers a promising antiviral strategy. We have designed and characterised antiviral PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting the human protein cyclophilin A (CypA), a host cofactor for unrelated viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The PROTAC warheads are based on fully synthetic macrocycles derived from sanglifehrin A, which are structurally different from the classical Cyp inhibitor, cyclosporine A. Our Cyp-PROTACs decrease CypA levels in cell lines and primary human cells and have high specificity for CypA confirmed by proteomics experiments. Critically, CypA degradation facilitates improved antiviral activity against HIV-1 in primary human CD4+ T cells compared to the non-PROTAC parental inhibitor, at limiting inhibitor concentrations. Similarly, we observe antiviral activity against HCV replicon in a hepatoma cell line. We propose that CypA-targeting PROTACs inhibit viral replication potently and anticipate reduced evolution of viral resistance and broad efficacy against unrelated viruses. Furthermore, they provide powerful tools for probing cyclophilin biology.
ISSN:2041-1723