Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on the application of brain stimulation techniques, includin...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/1/20 |
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| author | Ata Jahangir Moshayedi Tahmineh Mokhtari Mehran Emadi Andani |
| author_facet | Ata Jahangir Moshayedi Tahmineh Mokhtari Mehran Emadi Andani |
| author_sort | Ata Jahangir Moshayedi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on the application of brain stimulation techniques, including non-invasive methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), as well as invasive approaches like deep brain stimulation (DBS). We explore the efficacy and safety profiles of these techniques in alleviating both motor impairments, such as bradykinesia and rigidity, and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, depression, and impulse control disorders. Current findings indicate that while non-invasive techniques present a favorable safety profile and are effective for milder symptoms, invasive methods like DBS provide significant relief for severe cases that are unresponsive to other treatments. Future research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters, establish robust clinical protocols, and expand the application of these technologies across various stages of PD. This review underscores the potential of brain stimulation as a vital therapeutic tool in managing PD, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b3422491a04944c3ac73be7c8b2abd17 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-b3422491a04944c3ac73be7c8b2abd172025-01-24T13:25:41ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-12-011512010.3390/brainsci15010020Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s DiseaseAta Jahangir Moshayedi0Tahmineh Mokhtari1Mehran Emadi Andani2School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, ChinaDepartment of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Casorati, 37131 Verona, ItalyParkinson’s Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that significantly impact patients’ quality of life. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on the application of brain stimulation techniques, including non-invasive methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), as well as invasive approaches like deep brain stimulation (DBS). We explore the efficacy and safety profiles of these techniques in alleviating both motor impairments, such as bradykinesia and rigidity, and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, depression, and impulse control disorders. Current findings indicate that while non-invasive techniques present a favorable safety profile and are effective for milder symptoms, invasive methods like DBS provide significant relief for severe cases that are unresponsive to other treatments. Future research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters, establish robust clinical protocols, and expand the application of these technologies across various stages of PD. This review underscores the potential of brain stimulation as a vital therapeutic tool in managing PD, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/1/20Parkinson’s diseasebrain stimulationtranscranial magnetic stimulationtranscranial electrical stimulationtranscranial focused ultrasound stimulationtranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation |
| spellingShingle | Ata Jahangir Moshayedi Tahmineh Mokhtari Mehran Emadi Andani Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease Brain Sciences Parkinson’s disease brain stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation |
| title | Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full | Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_short | Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson’s Disease |
| title_sort | brain stimulation techniques in research and clinical practice a comprehensive review of applications and therapeutic potential in parkinson s disease |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease brain stimulation transcranial magnetic stimulation transcranial electrical stimulation transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/1/20 |
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