Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform

General-purpose programmable photonic processors provide a versatile platform for integrating diverse functionalities on a single chip. Leveraging a two-dimensional hexagonal waveguide mesh of Mach–Zehnder interferometers, these systems have demonstrated significant potential in microwave photonic a...

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Main Authors: José Roberto Rausell-Campo, Daniel Pérez-López, José Capmany Francoy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2025-02-01
Series:APL Photonics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0235712
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author José Roberto Rausell-Campo
Daniel Pérez-López
José Capmany Francoy
author_facet José Roberto Rausell-Campo
Daniel Pérez-López
José Capmany Francoy
author_sort José Roberto Rausell-Campo
collection DOAJ
description General-purpose programmable photonic processors provide a versatile platform for integrating diverse functionalities on a single chip. Leveraging a two-dimensional hexagonal waveguide mesh of Mach–Zehnder interferometers, these systems have demonstrated significant potential in microwave photonic applications. Additionally, they are a promising platform for creating unitary linear transformations, which are key elements in quantum computing and photonic neural networks. However, a general procedure for implementing these transformations on such systems has not been established yet. This work demonstrates the programming of universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose programmable photonic circuit with a hexagonal topology. We detail the steps to split the light on-chip, demonstrate that an equivalent structure to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with one internal and one external phase shifter can be built in the hexagonal mesh, and program both the triangular and rectangular architectures for matrix multiplication. We recalibrate the system to account for passive phase deviations. Experimental programming of 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 random unitary matrices yields fidelities >98% and bit precisions over five bits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that random unitary matrices are demonstrated on a general-purpose photonic processor and pave the way for the implementation of programmable photonic circuits in optical computing and signal processing systems.
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spelling doaj-art-b326c92417c04f5da282dfde2878d3ff2025-08-20T03:15:57ZengAIP Publishing LLCAPL Photonics2378-09672025-02-01102026102026102-1110.1063/5.0235712Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platformJosé Roberto Rausell-Campo0Daniel Pérez-López1José Capmany Francoy2Photonics Research Lab, iTEAM. Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, SpainIPronics Programmable Photonics S.L., Valencia 46010, SpainPhotonics Research Lab, iTEAM. Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, SpainGeneral-purpose programmable photonic processors provide a versatile platform for integrating diverse functionalities on a single chip. Leveraging a two-dimensional hexagonal waveguide mesh of Mach–Zehnder interferometers, these systems have demonstrated significant potential in microwave photonic applications. Additionally, they are a promising platform for creating unitary linear transformations, which are key elements in quantum computing and photonic neural networks. However, a general procedure for implementing these transformations on such systems has not been established yet. This work demonstrates the programming of universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose programmable photonic circuit with a hexagonal topology. We detail the steps to split the light on-chip, demonstrate that an equivalent structure to the Mach–Zehnder interferometer with one internal and one external phase shifter can be built in the hexagonal mesh, and program both the triangular and rectangular architectures for matrix multiplication. We recalibrate the system to account for passive phase deviations. Experimental programming of 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 random unitary matrices yields fidelities >98% and bit precisions over five bits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that random unitary matrices are demonstrated on a general-purpose photonic processor and pave the way for the implementation of programmable photonic circuits in optical computing and signal processing systems.http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0235712
spellingShingle José Roberto Rausell-Campo
Daniel Pérez-López
José Capmany Francoy
Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
APL Photonics
title Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
title_full Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
title_fullStr Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
title_full_unstemmed Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
title_short Programming universal unitary transformations on a general-purpose silicon photonic platform
title_sort programming universal unitary transformations on a general purpose silicon photonic platform
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0235712
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