Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation

ABSTRACT Background The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is commonly deregulated in different types of cancers, contributing to tumor proliferation, persistence, and resistance to treatment. Akt1, a crucial kinase within this pathway, plays a critical role in tumor progression and the occurrence of t...

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Main Authors: Shokoofeh Jamshidi, Ali Eghbalian, Setareh Shojaei, Amir Taherkhani, Mehran Feizi‐Dehnayebi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Cancer Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70315
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author Shokoofeh Jamshidi
Ali Eghbalian
Setareh Shojaei
Amir Taherkhani
Mehran Feizi‐Dehnayebi
author_facet Shokoofeh Jamshidi
Ali Eghbalian
Setareh Shojaei
Amir Taherkhani
Mehran Feizi‐Dehnayebi
author_sort Shokoofeh Jamshidi
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is commonly deregulated in different types of cancers, contributing to tumor proliferation, persistence, and resistance to treatment. Akt1, a crucial kinase within this pathway, plays a critical role in tumor progression and the occurrence of therapeutic resistance. The emergence of resistance is a significant challenge in cancer therapy. Targeted therapies offer a promising method to overcome this challenge. Akt1 presents a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the binding affinities of 61 flavonoid‐derived natural compounds to the Akt1 ATP‐binding site using molecular docking with AutoDock to identify potential Akt1 inhibitors. Methods Cross‐validation and Density Functional Theory analysis were conducted utilizing the SwissDock server and the Gaussian 09 W software suite for the top‐ranked compounds. Following energy minimization, semi‐flexible docking of flavonoids and the control inhibitor Ipatasertib was performed against the Akt1 ATP‐binding pocket. Binding modes were analyzed using Discovery Studio Visualizer. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the conformational stability and binding durability of the highest‐scoring Akt1 inhibitor complex identified through molecular docking analyses. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of the most potent Akt1 inhibitors were evaluated using the PreADMET tool. Also, the effect of the most potent Akt1 inhibitor on cell viability was studied in vitro through the 2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide approach. Besides, the most promising compound was evaluated for its impact against the FOXO3 (an Akt1 downstream target) gene expression in MCF‐7 cells. Results Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside and Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐7‐sophoroside displayed exceptional binding affinities (ΔGbinding = −21.79 and −20.73 kcal/mol; Ki = 106.03 aM and 640.24 aM), surpassing Ipatasertib (ΔGbinding = −9.98 kcal/mol; Ki = 48.29 nM). Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside achieved a stable binding conformation within the Akt1 catalytic domain after 30 ns of molecular dynamics simulation. The compound Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside was observed to suppress cell proliferation in MCF‐7 cell lines. This effect was accompanied by an upregulation of FOXO3 expression, suggesting a connection to the induction of the apoptosis pathway. Conclusions Computational analyses identified flavonoids, particularly Kaempferol glycosides, as potential Akt1 inhibitors with significantly higher predicted binding affinities than Ipatasertib. These findings warrant further exploration of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for cancers driven by Akt1 hyperactivation.
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spelling doaj-art-b324773c007f4557920c7723b4c8bab82025-08-26T06:00:41ZengWileyCancer Reports2573-83482025-08-0188n/an/a10.1002/cnr2.70315Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro ValidationShokoofeh Jamshidi0Ali Eghbalian1Setareh Shojaei2Amir Taherkhani3Mehran Feizi‐Dehnayebi4Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan IranDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan IranDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan IranResearch Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cancer, Avicenna Health Research Institute Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan IranDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Alzahra University Tehran IranABSTRACT Background The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is commonly deregulated in different types of cancers, contributing to tumor proliferation, persistence, and resistance to treatment. Akt1, a crucial kinase within this pathway, plays a critical role in tumor progression and the occurrence of therapeutic resistance. The emergence of resistance is a significant challenge in cancer therapy. Targeted therapies offer a promising method to overcome this challenge. Akt1 presents a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the binding affinities of 61 flavonoid‐derived natural compounds to the Akt1 ATP‐binding site using molecular docking with AutoDock to identify potential Akt1 inhibitors. Methods Cross‐validation and Density Functional Theory analysis were conducted utilizing the SwissDock server and the Gaussian 09 W software suite for the top‐ranked compounds. Following energy minimization, semi‐flexible docking of flavonoids and the control inhibitor Ipatasertib was performed against the Akt1 ATP‐binding pocket. Binding modes were analyzed using Discovery Studio Visualizer. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess the conformational stability and binding durability of the highest‐scoring Akt1 inhibitor complex identified through molecular docking analyses. The pharmacokinetics and toxicity properties of the most potent Akt1 inhibitors were evaluated using the PreADMET tool. Also, the effect of the most potent Akt1 inhibitor on cell viability was studied in vitro through the 2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide approach. Besides, the most promising compound was evaluated for its impact against the FOXO3 (an Akt1 downstream target) gene expression in MCF‐7 cells. Results Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside and Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐7‐sophoroside displayed exceptional binding affinities (ΔGbinding = −21.79 and −20.73 kcal/mol; Ki = 106.03 aM and 640.24 aM), surpassing Ipatasertib (ΔGbinding = −9.98 kcal/mol; Ki = 48.29 nM). Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside achieved a stable binding conformation within the Akt1 catalytic domain after 30 ns of molecular dynamics simulation. The compound Kaempferol 3‐rutinoside‐4′‐glucoside was observed to suppress cell proliferation in MCF‐7 cell lines. This effect was accompanied by an upregulation of FOXO3 expression, suggesting a connection to the induction of the apoptosis pathway. Conclusions Computational analyses identified flavonoids, particularly Kaempferol glycosides, as potential Akt1 inhibitors with significantly higher predicted binding affinities than Ipatasertib. These findings warrant further exploration of the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for cancers driven by Akt1 hyperactivation.https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70315Akt1cancerdrugflavonoidmolecular docking
spellingShingle Shokoofeh Jamshidi
Ali Eghbalian
Setareh Shojaei
Amir Taherkhani
Mehran Feizi‐Dehnayebi
Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
Cancer Reports
Akt1
cancer
drug
flavonoid
molecular docking
title Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
title_full Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
title_fullStr Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
title_full_unstemmed Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
title_short Flavonoids as Promising Akt1 Inhibitors in Cancer Medicine: Insights From Molecular Docking, Dynamics, DFT Calculations, and In Vitro Validation
title_sort flavonoids as promising akt1 inhibitors in cancer medicine insights from molecular docking dynamics dft calculations and in vitro validation
topic Akt1
cancer
drug
flavonoid
molecular docking
url https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.70315
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