Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center

Purpose Pediatric trauma is a leading cause of mortality among children. A high lactate concentration is a well-established prognostic indicator for severe trauma in adults, but evidence is lacking in children. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients aged 0-17 years who underwent tr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zola Trotter, Eric Jackson, Shailesh Khetarpal, Bikash Bhattarai, Katherine Barlow, Colin Hurkett, Kevin Foster
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine 2025-07-01
Series:Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:http://pemj.org/upload/pdf/pemj-2025-01305.pdf
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849414903681515520
author Zola Trotter
Eric Jackson
Shailesh Khetarpal
Bikash Bhattarai
Katherine Barlow
Colin Hurkett
Kevin Foster
author_facet Zola Trotter
Eric Jackson
Shailesh Khetarpal
Bikash Bhattarai
Katherine Barlow
Colin Hurkett
Kevin Foster
author_sort Zola Trotter
collection DOAJ
description Purpose Pediatric trauma is a leading cause of mortality among children. A high lactate concentration is a well-established prognostic indicator for severe trauma in adults, but evidence is lacking in children. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients aged 0-17 years who underwent trauma activations at an urban medical center in Arizona from 2010 through 2020. Data were collected on demographics, injury mechanisms, admission lactate values, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, hospital length of stay, and severe trauma. The severe trauma was defined as in-hospital mortality, or need for blood transfusion or emergency surgical interventions. Results Of 566 patients, 53 (9.4%) had severe trauma, of whom 11 (1.9%) died, 32 (5.7%) underwent blood transfusions, and 32 (5.7%) underwent emergency surgical interventions. Patients with severe trauma had a significantly higher median lactate concentration than those without severe trauma (2.5 mmol/L [interquartile range, 1.9-3.8] vs. 1.7 mmol/L [1.2-2.4]; P < 0.001). An optimal lactate cutoff was 1.9 showed an area under the curve of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.77), resulting in a maximal combined sensitivity (75.4%) and specificity (57.9%). As a lactate cutoff increased from 1.0 to 6.0 mmol/L, the specificity increased from 9.2% to 98.8%, while the sensitivity decreased from 96.2% to 13.2% for predicting severe trauma. Admission lactate was correlated negatively with Glasgow Coma Scale (Spearman’s rho = - 0.134; P = 0.001) and positively with Injury Severity Score (0.130; P = 0.002), while not correlated with hospital length of stay (0.070; P = 0.096). Conclusion Admission lactate has a high specificity for severe trauma in children at the cost of sensitivity. It should be used in conjunction with other screening tools when ruling out severe trauma.
format Article
id doaj-art-b31e60d1dd2346089fe34f024bafdab0
institution Kabale University
issn 2383-4897
2508-5506
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Korean Society of Pediatric Emergency Medicine
record_format Article
series Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal
spelling doaj-art-b31e60d1dd2346089fe34f024bafdab02025-08-20T03:33:41ZengKorean Society of Pediatric Emergency MedicinePediatric Emergency Medicine Journal2383-48972508-55062025-07-0112310311110.22470/pemj.2025.01305240Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma centerZola Trotter0Eric Jackson1Shailesh Khetarpal2Bikash Bhattarai3Katherine Barlow4Colin Hurkett5Kevin Foster6Department of Pediatrics, Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USADoctor of Medicine Program, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USADoctor of Medicine Program, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USADoctor of Medicine Program, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USADepartment of Surgery, Valleywise Health Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USAPurpose Pediatric trauma is a leading cause of mortality among children. A high lactate concentration is a well-established prognostic indicator for severe trauma in adults, but evidence is lacking in children. Methods A retrospective review was performed on patients aged 0-17 years who underwent trauma activations at an urban medical center in Arizona from 2010 through 2020. Data were collected on demographics, injury mechanisms, admission lactate values, Glasgow Coma Scale, Injury Severity Score, hospital length of stay, and severe trauma. The severe trauma was defined as in-hospital mortality, or need for blood transfusion or emergency surgical interventions. Results Of 566 patients, 53 (9.4%) had severe trauma, of whom 11 (1.9%) died, 32 (5.7%) underwent blood transfusions, and 32 (5.7%) underwent emergency surgical interventions. Patients with severe trauma had a significantly higher median lactate concentration than those without severe trauma (2.5 mmol/L [interquartile range, 1.9-3.8] vs. 1.7 mmol/L [1.2-2.4]; P < 0.001). An optimal lactate cutoff was 1.9 showed an area under the curve of 0.69 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.77), resulting in a maximal combined sensitivity (75.4%) and specificity (57.9%). As a lactate cutoff increased from 1.0 to 6.0 mmol/L, the specificity increased from 9.2% to 98.8%, while the sensitivity decreased from 96.2% to 13.2% for predicting severe trauma. Admission lactate was correlated negatively with Glasgow Coma Scale (Spearman’s rho = - 0.134; P = 0.001) and positively with Injury Severity Score (0.130; P = 0.002), while not correlated with hospital length of stay (0.070; P = 0.096). Conclusion Admission lactate has a high specificity for severe trauma in children at the cost of sensitivity. It should be used in conjunction with other screening tools when ruling out severe trauma.http://pemj.org/upload/pdf/pemj-2025-01305.pdfblood transfusioncraniocerebral traumalactic acidpediatric emergency medicineroc curvewounds and injuries
spellingShingle Zola Trotter
Eric Jackson
Shailesh Khetarpal
Bikash Bhattarai
Katherine Barlow
Colin Hurkett
Kevin Foster
Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Journal
blood transfusion
craniocerebral trauma
lactic acid
pediatric emergency medicine
roc curve
wounds and injuries
title Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
title_full Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
title_fullStr Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
title_full_unstemmed Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
title_short Admission lactate as a rule-in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an Arizona trauma center
title_sort admission lactate as a rule in predictor of severe pediatric trauma in an arizona trauma center
topic blood transfusion
craniocerebral trauma
lactic acid
pediatric emergency medicine
roc curve
wounds and injuries
url http://pemj.org/upload/pdf/pemj-2025-01305.pdf
work_keys_str_mv AT zolatrotter admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT ericjackson admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT shaileshkhetarpal admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT bikashbhattarai admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT katherinebarlow admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT colinhurkett admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter
AT kevinfoster admissionlactateasaruleinpredictorofseverepediatrictraumainanarizonatraumacenter