Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires
The climatic conditions in southern Italy favor the occurrence and spread of forest fires, with severe long-lasting consequences on the local flora and fauna. On the one hand, biological and chemical <i>in situ</i> measurements are typically used to accurately investigate the evolution o...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Lucia Santorufo Massimiliano Gargiulo Valeria Memoli Giulia Maisto Rossella Barile Giuseppe Ruello |
| author_facet | Lucia Santorufo Massimiliano Gargiulo Valeria Memoli Giulia Maisto Rossella Barile Giuseppe Ruello |
| author_sort | Lucia Santorufo |
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| description | The climatic conditions in southern Italy favor the occurrence and spread of forest fires, with severe long-lasting consequences on the local flora and fauna. On the one hand, biological and chemical <i>in situ</i> measurements are typically used to accurately investigate the evolution of the land affected by fires, with limited spatial coverage. On the other hand, Remote Sensing (RS) is a mature technology to complement the <i>in situ</i> campaigns on large regions with adequate revisit time. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of Sentinel-2 data to spatially and temporally extend post-fire <i>in situ</i> analysis on a fire-affected area. In particular, we estimate the soil quality index from Sentinel-2 data and achieve a remarkable coefficient of determination (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.79</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and low relative error (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.06</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), highlighting the robustness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the soil water content and the total iron (Fe) concentrations emerged as pertinent indicators detectable through Near-Infrared and Short-Wave Infrared Sentinel-2 bands. The obtained results prompted an investigation into the post-fire evolution of soil properties, thanks to RS data, in a large area covered by diverse vegetation types. The obtained results encourage a deeper synergic use of <i>in situ</i> and remotely observed data, enabling a comprehensive understanding of soil quality dynamics in fire-affected regions. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2571-6255 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Fire |
| spelling | doaj-art-b302fc20727a4c4f828736d63ecd8ddd2025-08-20T03:43:22ZengMDPI AGFire2571-62552025-02-01839910.3390/fire8030099Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius FiresLucia Santorufo0Massimiliano Gargiulo1Valeria Memoli2Giulia Maisto3Rossella Barile4Giuseppe Ruello5Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, NA, ItalyEarth Observation Systems and Application (AOTD), Italian Aerospace Research Centre (CIRA), 81043 Capua, CE, ItalyDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, NA, ItalyDepartment of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, NA, ItalyVesuvius National Park, Via Palazzo del Principe c/o Castello Mediceo, 80044 Ottaviano, NA, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University Federico II, 80125 Naples, NA, ItalyThe climatic conditions in southern Italy favor the occurrence and spread of forest fires, with severe long-lasting consequences on the local flora and fauna. On the one hand, biological and chemical <i>in situ</i> measurements are typically used to accurately investigate the evolution of the land affected by fires, with limited spatial coverage. On the other hand, Remote Sensing (RS) is a mature technology to complement the <i>in situ</i> campaigns on large regions with adequate revisit time. In this paper, we evaluate the capability of Sentinel-2 data to spatially and temporally extend post-fire <i>in situ</i> analysis on a fire-affected area. In particular, we estimate the soil quality index from Sentinel-2 data and achieve a remarkable coefficient of determination (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0.79</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>) and low relative error (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.06</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), highlighting the robustness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, the soil water content and the total iron (Fe) concentrations emerged as pertinent indicators detectable through Near-Infrared and Short-Wave Infrared Sentinel-2 bands. The obtained results prompted an investigation into the post-fire evolution of soil properties, thanks to RS data, in a large area covered by diverse vegetation types. The obtained results encourage a deeper synergic use of <i>in situ</i> and remotely observed data, enabling a comprehensive understanding of soil quality dynamics in fire-affected regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/3/99soil quality indexremote sensingSentinel-2fires monitoringminimum datasetsoil chemical analyses |
| spellingShingle | Lucia Santorufo Massimiliano Gargiulo Valeria Memoli Giulia Maisto Rossella Barile Giuseppe Ruello Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires Fire soil quality index remote sensing Sentinel-2 fires monitoring minimum dataset soil chemical analyses |
| title | Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires |
| title_full | Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires |
| title_fullStr | Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires |
| title_short | Integration of In Situ and Sentinel-2 Data to Assess Soil Quality in Forest Monitoring: The Case Study of the Vesuvius Fires |
| title_sort | integration of in situ and sentinel 2 data to assess soil quality in forest monitoring the case study of the vesuvius fires |
| topic | soil quality index remote sensing Sentinel-2 fires monitoring minimum dataset soil chemical analyses |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6255/8/3/99 |
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