Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency. The growing levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria in companion animals represent a critical but under-recognized threat, as pets can act as reservoirs and vectors of resistant pathogens, and bacteria can spread between species. Despite li...

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Main Authors: Helena I. G. Monteiro, Vanessa Silva, Telma de Sousa, Rita Calouro, Sónia Saraiva, Gilberto Igrejas, Patrícia Poeta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1708
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author Helena I. G. Monteiro
Vanessa Silva
Telma de Sousa
Rita Calouro
Sónia Saraiva
Gilberto Igrejas
Patrícia Poeta
author_facet Helena I. G. Monteiro
Vanessa Silva
Telma de Sousa
Rita Calouro
Sónia Saraiva
Gilberto Igrejas
Patrícia Poeta
author_sort Helena I. G. Monteiro
collection DOAJ
description Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency. The growing levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria in companion animals represent a critical but under-recognized threat, as pets can act as reservoirs and vectors of resistant pathogens, and bacteria can spread between species. Despite living in close proximity to humans and sharing many of the same antibiotic classes, companion animals remain largely overlooked in the AMR control strategies. A major obstacle to combating AMR in Europe is the absence of a mandatory and uniform surveillance system. Without a standardized approach, data collection remains inconsistent, leading to knowledge gaps and hindering effective investigation and policymaking. Surveillance failures prevent a comprehensive understanding of resistance patterns, making it difficult to implement timely and evidence-based measures. Existing laws and regulations are insufficient to contain the growing threat of AMR. Current policies fail to enforce strict antimicrobial stewardship across all European countries and lack the necessary scope to address resistance effectively. Urgent action is required—Europe must implement stronger, harmonized surveillance systems, enforce stricter veterinary antimicrobial regulations, and develop more active and binding programs to curb resistance before it reaches an uncontrollable level. A One Health approach, recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is essential.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-2615
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spelling doaj-art-b3023e13e39f4e8ebb215c379a534b232025-08-20T03:30:29ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-06-011512170810.3390/ani15121708Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health ApproachHelena I. G. Monteiro0Vanessa Silva1Telma de Sousa2Rita Calouro3Sónia Saraiva4Gilberto Igrejas5Patrícia Poeta6MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalVeterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalMicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, PortugalAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health emergency. The growing levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria in companion animals represent a critical but under-recognized threat, as pets can act as reservoirs and vectors of resistant pathogens, and bacteria can spread between species. Despite living in close proximity to humans and sharing many of the same antibiotic classes, companion animals remain largely overlooked in the AMR control strategies. A major obstacle to combating AMR in Europe is the absence of a mandatory and uniform surveillance system. Without a standardized approach, data collection remains inconsistent, leading to knowledge gaps and hindering effective investigation and policymaking. Surveillance failures prevent a comprehensive understanding of resistance patterns, making it difficult to implement timely and evidence-based measures. Existing laws and regulations are insufficient to contain the growing threat of AMR. Current policies fail to enforce strict antimicrobial stewardship across all European countries and lack the necessary scope to address resistance effectively. Urgent action is required—Europe must implement stronger, harmonized surveillance systems, enforce stricter veterinary antimicrobial regulations, and develop more active and binding programs to curb resistance before it reaches an uncontrollable level. A One Health approach, recognizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, is essential.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1708veterinary medicineantibioticsantibiotic resistancecompanion animalshumansOne Health
spellingShingle Helena I. G. Monteiro
Vanessa Silva
Telma de Sousa
Rita Calouro
Sónia Saraiva
Gilberto Igrejas
Patrícia Poeta
Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
Animals
veterinary medicine
antibiotics
antibiotic resistance
companion animals
humans
One Health
title Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
title_full Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
title_fullStr Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
title_full_unstemmed Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
title_short Antimicrobial Resistance in European Companion Animals Practice: A One Health Approach
title_sort antimicrobial resistance in european companion animals practice a one health approach
topic veterinary medicine
antibiotics
antibiotic resistance
companion animals
humans
One Health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/12/1708
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