Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes

Abstract Emerging non-volatile memristor-based devices with resistive switching (RS) materials are being widely researched as promising contenders for the next generation of data storage and neuromorphic technologies. Titanium nitride (TiNx) is a common industry-friendly electrode system for RS; how...

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Main Authors: Babak Bakhit, Markus Hellenbrand, Benson Kunhung Tsai, Abhijeet Choudhury, Peter Polcik, Szilard Kolozsvari, Haiyan Wang, Andrew J. Flewitt, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Materials
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00798-z
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author Babak Bakhit
Markus Hellenbrand
Benson Kunhung Tsai
Abhijeet Choudhury
Peter Polcik
Szilard Kolozsvari
Haiyan Wang
Andrew J. Flewitt
Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
author_facet Babak Bakhit
Markus Hellenbrand
Benson Kunhung Tsai
Abhijeet Choudhury
Peter Polcik
Szilard Kolozsvari
Haiyan Wang
Andrew J. Flewitt
Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
author_sort Babak Bakhit
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Emerging non-volatile memristor-based devices with resistive switching (RS) materials are being widely researched as promising contenders for the next generation of data storage and neuromorphic technologies. Titanium nitride (TiNx) is a common industry-friendly electrode system for RS; however, the precise TiNx properties required for optimum RS performance is still lacking. Herein, using ion-assisted DC magnetron sputtering, we demonstrate the key importance not only of engineering the TiNx bottom electrodes to be dense, smooth, and conductive, but also understoichiometric in N. With these properties, RS in HfO2-based memristive devices is shown to be optimised for TiN0.96. These devices have switching voltages ≤ ±1 V with promising device-to-device uniformity, endurance, memory window of ~40, and multiple non-volatile intermediate conductance levels. This study highlights the importance of precise tuning of TiNx bottom electrodes to achieve robust performance of oxide resistive switching materials.
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Communications Materials
spelling doaj-art-b2eda5bb8d8240f1b9f9c8ab40bc3f812025-08-20T01:49:43ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Materials2662-44432025-04-01611810.1038/s43246-025-00798-zEnhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodesBabak Bakhit0Markus Hellenbrand1Benson Kunhung Tsai2Abhijeet Choudhury3Peter Polcik4Szilard Kolozsvari5Haiyan Wang6Andrew J. Flewitt7Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll8Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of CambridgeDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of CambridgeSchool of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Purdue UniversitySchool of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Purdue UniversityPlansee Composite Materials GmbHPlansee Composite Materials GmbHSchool of Materials Engineering, Neil Armstrong Hall of Engineering, Purdue UniversityElectrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of CambridgeDepartment of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of CambridgeAbstract Emerging non-volatile memristor-based devices with resistive switching (RS) materials are being widely researched as promising contenders for the next generation of data storage and neuromorphic technologies. Titanium nitride (TiNx) is a common industry-friendly electrode system for RS; however, the precise TiNx properties required for optimum RS performance is still lacking. Herein, using ion-assisted DC magnetron sputtering, we demonstrate the key importance not only of engineering the TiNx bottom electrodes to be dense, smooth, and conductive, but also understoichiometric in N. With these properties, RS in HfO2-based memristive devices is shown to be optimised for TiN0.96. These devices have switching voltages ≤ ±1 V with promising device-to-device uniformity, endurance, memory window of ~40, and multiple non-volatile intermediate conductance levels. This study highlights the importance of precise tuning of TiNx bottom electrodes to achieve robust performance of oxide resistive switching materials.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00798-z
spellingShingle Babak Bakhit
Markus Hellenbrand
Benson Kunhung Tsai
Abhijeet Choudhury
Peter Polcik
Szilard Kolozsvari
Haiyan Wang
Andrew J. Flewitt
Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
Communications Materials
title Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
title_full Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
title_fullStr Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
title_short Enhanced non-volatile resistive switching performance through ion-assisted magnetron sputtering of TiN bottom electrodes
title_sort enhanced non volatile resistive switching performance through ion assisted magnetron sputtering of tin bottom electrodes
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43246-025-00798-z
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