Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated
ABSTRACT BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is a member of the Polyomaviridae family. The BKPyV genome is divided into three regions, including the non-coding control region (NCCR), the early region, and the late region. BKPyV has one of the highest...
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American Society for Microbiology
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Microbiology Spectrum |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00494-25 |
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| author | Tiana A. Walder Elizabeth A. Odegard Heidi L. Meeds Steven B. Kleiboeker Assem Ziady Anthony Sabulski Sonata Jodele Alix E. Seif Stella M. Davies Benjamin L. Laskin Jason T. Blackard |
| author_facet | Tiana A. Walder Elizabeth A. Odegard Heidi L. Meeds Steven B. Kleiboeker Assem Ziady Anthony Sabulski Sonata Jodele Alix E. Seif Stella M. Davies Benjamin L. Laskin Jason T. Blackard |
| author_sort | Tiana A. Walder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is a member of the Polyomaviridae family. The BKPyV genome is divided into three regions, including the non-coding control region (NCCR), the early region, and the late region. BKPyV has one of the highest mutation rates among DNA viruses, and four genotypes have been identified based on amino acid variation within the VP1 region. Mutations within the NCCR have been noted, and this region exhibits hypervariability. Here, we show that many of the point mutations observed within the NCCR are genotype-associated, termed genotype-associated polymorphisms (GAPs). These GAPs correlate with regions of hypervariability, are inherent to their genotype, and can be used to genotype clinical strains, separate from other genomic regions. We also show that these GAPs fall within predicted transcription factor binding sites and therefore provide targets for further functional studies.IMPORTANCEBK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) is the cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and BKPyV-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients and thus is an important determinant of transplant outcome. The viral mechanisms leading to disease manifestation remain to be thoroughly explored, but viral genetic variation has emerged as an area of interest. Understanding genomic diversity between and within BKPyV genotypes can provide sites of interest that may ultimately improve screening strategies and provide insights into the viral factors that contribute to disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2ea726a1ca44251acfa235cab3a5dcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2165-0497 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiology Spectrum |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2ea726a1ca44251acfa235cab3a5dcc2025-08-20T04:00:44ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-08-0113810.1128/spectrum.00494-25Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associatedTiana A. Walder0Elizabeth A. Odegard1Heidi L. Meeds2Steven B. Kleiboeker3Assem Ziady4Anthony Sabulski5Sonata Jodele6Alix E. Seif7Stella M. Davies8Benjamin L. Laskin9Jason T. Blackard10Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USADivision of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USADivision of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USAEurofins Viracor Laboratories, Lenexa, Kansas, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USAPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USAPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADivision of Digestive Diseases, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USAABSTRACT BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a non-enveloped, double-stranded, circular DNA virus that is a member of the Polyomaviridae family. The BKPyV genome is divided into three regions, including the non-coding control region (NCCR), the early region, and the late region. BKPyV has one of the highest mutation rates among DNA viruses, and four genotypes have been identified based on amino acid variation within the VP1 region. Mutations within the NCCR have been noted, and this region exhibits hypervariability. Here, we show that many of the point mutations observed within the NCCR are genotype-associated, termed genotype-associated polymorphisms (GAPs). These GAPs correlate with regions of hypervariability, are inherent to their genotype, and can be used to genotype clinical strains, separate from other genomic regions. We also show that these GAPs fall within predicted transcription factor binding sites and therefore provide targets for further functional studies.IMPORTANCEBK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) is the cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and BKPyV-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients and thus is an important determinant of transplant outcome. The viral mechanisms leading to disease manifestation remain to be thoroughly explored, but viral genetic variation has emerged as an area of interest. Understanding genomic diversity between and within BKPyV genotypes can provide sites of interest that may ultimately improve screening strategies and provide insights into the viral factors that contribute to disease.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00494-25BK polyomavirusnon-coding control regiongenotypesubtypesingle-nucleotide polymorphismsviral diversity |
| spellingShingle | Tiana A. Walder Elizabeth A. Odegard Heidi L. Meeds Steven B. Kleiboeker Assem Ziady Anthony Sabulski Sonata Jodele Alix E. Seif Stella M. Davies Benjamin L. Laskin Jason T. Blackard Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated Microbiology Spectrum BK polyomavirus non-coding control region genotype subtype single-nucleotide polymorphisms viral diversity |
| title | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated |
| title_full | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated |
| title_fullStr | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated |
| title_short | Single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the BK polyomavirus non-coding control region are genotype-associated |
| title_sort | single nucleotide polymorphisms within the bk polyomavirus non coding control region are genotype associated |
| topic | BK polyomavirus non-coding control region genotype subtype single-nucleotide polymorphisms viral diversity |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00494-25 |
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