An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation

With a tropical climate in Malaysia, varieties of vegetables can grow all year round. Nevertheless, during the hot season, watering the plant is challenging, especially for vegetables that are intolerant to heat such as tomato plants. Over-watering or under-watering  could decrease the yield and qu...

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Main Authors: Mohd Syafiq Mispan, Yasehgi Soundaraja, Aiman Zakwan Jidin, Haslinah Mohd Nasir
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: OICC Press 2025-03-01
Series:Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/10860
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author Mohd Syafiq Mispan
Yasehgi Soundaraja
Aiman Zakwan Jidin
Haslinah Mohd Nasir
author_facet Mohd Syafiq Mispan
Yasehgi Soundaraja
Aiman Zakwan Jidin
Haslinah Mohd Nasir
author_sort Mohd Syafiq Mispan
collection DOAJ
description With a tropical climate in Malaysia, varieties of vegetables can grow all year round. Nevertheless, during the hot season, watering the plant is challenging, especially for vegetables that are intolerant to heat such as tomato plants. Over-watering or under-watering  could decrease the yield and quality of tomatoes. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an efficient irrigation system based on Hargreaves’s potential evapotranspiration to improve the yield and quality of tomato plants in Melaka, Malaysia. Using the  Hargreaves equation, the correlation between the surrounding temperature and the amount of water needed by the tomato plants is investigated. Three growth stages are considered: early stage (0 − 30 days of planting), middle stage ( 31 − 76 days of planting), and final stage (77 − 105 days of planting). Based on a 30-day analysis, on average, tomato plants require 45.5 mL/day, 87.4 mL/day, and 60.8 mL/day respectively for the early, middle, and final stages of growth. A mobile monitoring application is also developed using MIT App Inventor for users to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture, pH level, status of water pumps, and the amount of water released to the plants. The proposed system can increase the efficiency of the irrigation process and ultimately, reduce the farming cost.
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issn 2345-377X
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language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher OICC Press
record_format Article
series Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
spelling doaj-art-b2dcbe2b5c1f412caa3bd2c9ae7269ea2025-08-20T02:26:09ZengOICC PressMajlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering2345-377X2345-37962025-03-01191 (March 2025)10.57647/j.mjee.2025.1901.12An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantationMohd Syafiq Mispan0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-9330Yasehgi Soundaraja1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3207-3835Aiman Zakwan Jidin2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2003-5756Haslinah Mohd Nasir3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-8275Micro and Nano Electronics (MiNE), Centre of Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, MalaysiaKeysight Technologies, Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone Phase 3, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaMicro and Nano Electronics (MiNE), Centre of Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, MalaysiaAdvanced Sensor and Embedded Controls System (ASECs), Centre of Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Malaysia With a tropical climate in Malaysia, varieties of vegetables can grow all year round. Nevertheless, during the hot season, watering the plant is challenging, especially for vegetables that are intolerant to heat such as tomato plants. Over-watering or under-watering  could decrease the yield and quality of tomatoes. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an efficient irrigation system based on Hargreaves’s potential evapotranspiration to improve the yield and quality of tomato plants in Melaka, Malaysia. Using the  Hargreaves equation, the correlation between the surrounding temperature and the amount of water needed by the tomato plants is investigated. Three growth stages are considered: early stage (0 − 30 days of planting), middle stage ( 31 − 76 days of planting), and final stage (77 − 105 days of planting). Based on a 30-day analysis, on average, tomato plants require 45.5 mL/day, 87.4 mL/day, and 60.8 mL/day respectively for the early, middle, and final stages of growth. A mobile monitoring application is also developed using MIT App Inventor for users to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture, pH level, status of water pumps, and the amount of water released to the plants. The proposed system can increase the efficiency of the irrigation process and ultimately, reduce the farming cost. https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/10860WateringTomato plantMobile applicationHargreaves equation
spellingShingle Mohd Syafiq Mispan
Yasehgi Soundaraja
Aiman Zakwan Jidin
Haslinah Mohd Nasir
An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
Majlesi Journal of Electrical Engineering
Watering
Tomato plant
Mobile application
Hargreaves equation
title An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
title_full An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
title_fullStr An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
title_full_unstemmed An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
title_short An efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
title_sort efficient irrigation based on hargreaves potential evapotranspiration to improve yield for tomato plantation
topic Watering
Tomato plant
Mobile application
Hargreaves equation
url https://oiccpress.com/mjee/article/view/10860
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