Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Oral microbiota and serum metabolites play crucial roles in diabetes, but their relationship with post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), a common complication post-kidney transplantation, is not well characterized. This study investigated the relationship of oral microbiota and serum met...

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Main Authors: Chao Liu, Sheng Chao, Lei Jia, Qizhen Yang, Qian Chen, Yulin Niu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-07-01
Series:Microbiology Spectrum
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00892-25
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author Chao Liu
Sheng Chao
Lei Jia
Qizhen Yang
Qian Chen
Yulin Niu
author_facet Chao Liu
Sheng Chao
Lei Jia
Qizhen Yang
Qian Chen
Yulin Niu
author_sort Chao Liu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Oral microbiota and serum metabolites play crucial roles in diabetes, but their relationship with post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), a common complication post-kidney transplantation, is not well characterized. This study investigated the relationship of oral microbiota and serum metabolites with PTDM using integrative analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics. We recruited 61 kidney transplant recipients, including 30 in the PTDM group and 31 in normal glucose tolerance controls. Oral samples and serum samples were collected from all the kidney transplant patients to perform 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics analysis. We annotated 689 oral microbial species, including 134 species unique to the PTDM group and 157 species unique to the control group. PTDM group showed upregulation of 36 metabolites and downregulation of 19 metabolites. Based on the random forest machine learning algorithm, genera such as UCG−005 (AUC = 0.9355), Succinivibrio (AUC = 0.8108); Akkermansia (AUC = 0.7742), Anaerovibrio (AUC = 0.2667), and Schwartzia (AUC = 0.2667), and serum metabolites such as LPI 18:0 (AUC: 0.8086), methylglyoxal (AUC: 0.7946), Vulgarin (AUC: 0.7828), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (AUC: 0.7591), and PI(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) (AUC: 0.7419) showed high diagnostic potential and may serve as clinical biomarkers. Furthermore, clinical indicators in PTDM patients, such as creatinine, cystatin C, and urea, showed a significant association with the differential oral microbiota and serum metabolites. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiota of the PTDM patients was associated with changes in the serum metabolites and alterations in their functions. These findings provide new insights toward identifying mechanisms by which oral microbiota and serum metabolites contribute to the development of PTDM.IMPORTANCEThis study reveals an imbalance in oral microbiota in patients with post-transplant diabetes and uncovers the potential relationship between oral microbiota and serum metabolites. These findings provide new insights into the role of oral microbiota and serum metabolites in the treatment of post-transplant diabetes, offering relevant biomarkers for clinicians and future research.
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spelling doaj-art-b2d47ab8d3dc42c1949afff734ae2d912025-08-20T03:32:55ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologyMicrobiology Spectrum2165-04972025-07-0113710.1128/spectrum.00892-25Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitusChao Liu0Sheng Chao1Lei Jia2Qizhen Yang3Qian Chen4Yulin Niu5Department of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaDepartment of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaDepartment of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaDepartment of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaDepartment of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaDepartment of Organ Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, ChinaABSTRACT Oral microbiota and serum metabolites play crucial roles in diabetes, but their relationship with post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), a common complication post-kidney transplantation, is not well characterized. This study investigated the relationship of oral microbiota and serum metabolites with PTDM using integrative analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics. We recruited 61 kidney transplant recipients, including 30 in the PTDM group and 31 in normal glucose tolerance controls. Oral samples and serum samples were collected from all the kidney transplant patients to perform 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics analysis. We annotated 689 oral microbial species, including 134 species unique to the PTDM group and 157 species unique to the control group. PTDM group showed upregulation of 36 metabolites and downregulation of 19 metabolites. Based on the random forest machine learning algorithm, genera such as UCG−005 (AUC = 0.9355), Succinivibrio (AUC = 0.8108); Akkermansia (AUC = 0.7742), Anaerovibrio (AUC = 0.2667), and Schwartzia (AUC = 0.2667), and serum metabolites such as LPI 18:0 (AUC: 0.8086), methylglyoxal (AUC: 0.7946), Vulgarin (AUC: 0.7828), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (AUC: 0.7591), and PI(18:0/20:3(5Z,8Z,11Z)) (AUC: 0.7419) showed high diagnostic potential and may serve as clinical biomarkers. Furthermore, clinical indicators in PTDM patients, such as creatinine, cystatin C, and urea, showed a significant association with the differential oral microbiota and serum metabolites. Dysbiosis in the oral microbiota of the PTDM patients was associated with changes in the serum metabolites and alterations in their functions. These findings provide new insights toward identifying mechanisms by which oral microbiota and serum metabolites contribute to the development of PTDM.IMPORTANCEThis study reveals an imbalance in oral microbiota in patients with post-transplant diabetes and uncovers the potential relationship between oral microbiota and serum metabolites. These findings provide new insights into the role of oral microbiota and serum metabolites in the treatment of post-transplant diabetes, offering relevant biomarkers for clinicians and future research.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00892-25post-transplant diabetes mellitusoral microbiotaserum metaboliteskidney transplantation
spellingShingle Chao Liu
Sheng Chao
Lei Jia
Qizhen Yang
Qian Chen
Yulin Niu
Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
Microbiology Spectrum
post-transplant diabetes mellitus
oral microbiota
serum metabolites
kidney transplantation
title Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
title_full Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
title_short Integrative analyses of 16S rDNA sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post-kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
title_sort integrative analyses of 16s rdna sequencing and serum metabolomics demonstrate significant roles for the oral microbiota and serum metabolites in post kidney transplant diabetes mellitus
topic post-transplant diabetes mellitus
oral microbiota
serum metabolites
kidney transplantation
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.00892-25
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