High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission
Neuronal transmitters are released at the morphological specializations known as active zones (AZs). Transmitters can be released either in response to a stimulus or spontaneously, and spontaneous transmission is a vital component of neuronal communication. Employing postsynaptically tethered calciu...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsyn.2025.1539868/full |
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| author | Herson Astacio Maria Bykhovskaia |
| author_facet | Herson Astacio Maria Bykhovskaia |
| author_sort | Herson Astacio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neuronal transmitters are released at the morphological specializations known as active zones (AZs). Transmitters can be released either in response to a stimulus or spontaneously, and spontaneous transmission is a vital component of neuronal communication. Employing postsynaptically tethered calcium sensor GCaMP, we investigated how nerve stimulation affects spontaneous transmission at individual AZs at the Drosophila neuromuscular synapse. Optical monitoring of spontaneous transmission at individual AZs revealed that prolonged high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 30 Hz for 1 min) selectively activates the hot spots of spontaneous transmission, including the individual AZs with elevated activities as well as AZ clusters. In contrast, a brief tetanus (2 s) activated numerous low-activity AZs. We employed Monte-Carlo simulations of spontaneous transmission based on a three-state model of AZ preparedness, which incorporated longer-lasting (minutes) and shorter-lasting (sub-seconds to seconds) high-activity states of AZs. The simulations produced an accurate quantitative description of the variability and time-course of spontaneous transmission at individual AZs before and after the stimulation and suggested that HFS activates both longer-lasting and shorter-lasting states of AZ preparedness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2c602fc06654d56b81ae896f6426e83 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1663-3563 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2c602fc06654d56b81ae896f6426e832025-08-20T02:17:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience1663-35632025-04-011710.3389/fnsyn.2025.15398681539868High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmissionHerson AstacioMaria BykhovskaiaNeuronal transmitters are released at the morphological specializations known as active zones (AZs). Transmitters can be released either in response to a stimulus or spontaneously, and spontaneous transmission is a vital component of neuronal communication. Employing postsynaptically tethered calcium sensor GCaMP, we investigated how nerve stimulation affects spontaneous transmission at individual AZs at the Drosophila neuromuscular synapse. Optical monitoring of spontaneous transmission at individual AZs revealed that prolonged high-frequency stimulation (HFS, 30 Hz for 1 min) selectively activates the hot spots of spontaneous transmission, including the individual AZs with elevated activities as well as AZ clusters. In contrast, a brief tetanus (2 s) activated numerous low-activity AZs. We employed Monte-Carlo simulations of spontaneous transmission based on a three-state model of AZ preparedness, which incorporated longer-lasting (minutes) and shorter-lasting (sub-seconds to seconds) high-activity states of AZs. The simulations produced an accurate quantitative description of the variability and time-course of spontaneous transmission at individual AZs before and after the stimulation and suggested that HFS activates both longer-lasting and shorter-lasting states of AZ preparedness.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsyn.2025.1539868/fullactive zoneGCaMPhigh frequency stimulationDrosophilaneuromuscular junction |
| spellingShingle | Herson Astacio Maria Bykhovskaia High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience active zone GCaMP high frequency stimulation Drosophila neuromuscular junction |
| title | High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| title_full | High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| title_fullStr | High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| title_short | High frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| title_sort | high frequency stimulation activates hot spots of spontaneous synaptic transmission |
| topic | active zone GCaMP high frequency stimulation Drosophila neuromuscular junction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsyn.2025.1539868/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hersonastacio highfrequencystimulationactivateshotspotsofspontaneoussynaptictransmission AT mariabykhovskaia highfrequencystimulationactivateshotspotsofspontaneoussynaptictransmission |