AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been repeatedly associated with the potential for automating, or even augmenting, occupational tasks. However, the geographical impact of AI remains unclear. Building on previous work, we employed a deep learning natural language processing model to automati...

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Main Authors: Ali Septiandri, Marios Constantinides, Daniele Quercia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-04-01
Series:EPJ Data Science
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9
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author Ali Septiandri
Marios Constantinides
Daniele Quercia
author_facet Ali Septiandri
Marios Constantinides
Daniele Quercia
author_sort Ali Septiandri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been repeatedly associated with the potential for automating, or even augmenting, occupational tasks. However, the geographical impact of AI remains unclear. Building on previous work, we employed a deep learning natural language processing model to automatically identify AI patents impacting various occupational tasks. We analyzed a dataset of 17,879 task descriptions and quantified AI’s potential impact at metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) within the U.S. by examining 24,758 AI patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) between 2015 and 2022. Our findings reveal that MSAs that will be more likely to be impacted by AI are not just hubs of creative industries but will also be characterized by a lack of economic diversity. Indeed, the U.S. MSAs that will be more likely to be impacted are those heavily specialized, with little to no efforts at diversification. These dynamics suggest that AI could amplify existing divides, hitting hardest in areas where economic opportunities are already concentrated in a few sectors, leaving many behind in the race for innovation-driven growth.
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spelling doaj-art-b2c10e3f3e944c12bcdd2e925c26a4ee2025-08-20T02:27:51ZengSpringerOpenEPJ Data Science2193-11272025-04-0114111310.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.Ali Septiandri0Marios Constantinides1Daniele Quercia2Nokia Bell LabsNokia Bell LabsNokia Bell LabsAbstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been repeatedly associated with the potential for automating, or even augmenting, occupational tasks. However, the geographical impact of AI remains unclear. Building on previous work, we employed a deep learning natural language processing model to automatically identify AI patents impacting various occupational tasks. We analyzed a dataset of 17,879 task descriptions and quantified AI’s potential impact at metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) within the U.S. by examining 24,758 AI patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) between 2015 and 2022. Our findings reveal that MSAs that will be more likely to be impacted by AI are not just hubs of creative industries but will also be characterized by a lack of economic diversity. Indeed, the U.S. MSAs that will be more likely to be impacted are those heavily specialized, with little to no efforts at diversification. These dynamics suggest that AI could amplify existing divides, hitting hardest in areas where economic opportunities are already concentrated in a few sectors, leaving many behind in the race for innovation-driven growth.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9Future of workAIPatentsLabor marketDeep learningGeography
spellingShingle Ali Septiandri
Marios Constantinides
Daniele Quercia
AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
EPJ Data Science
Future of work
AI
Patents
Labor market
Deep learning
Geography
title AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
title_full AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
title_fullStr AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
title_full_unstemmed AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
title_short AI and the economic divide: How Artificial Intelligence could widen the divide in the U.S.
title_sort ai and the economic divide how artificial intelligence could widen the divide in the u s
topic Future of work
AI
Patents
Labor market
Deep learning
Geography
url https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-025-00547-9
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