Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis

Abstract Background Female healthcare workers often experience heightened stress and increased turnover intentions due to work-family imbalance, which significantly disrupts the normal functioning of the healthcare system. The work-family balance is a multidimensional construct, and the complex rela...

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Main Authors: Yin Lin, Jia li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Archives of Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01631-2
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author Yin Lin
Jia li
author_facet Yin Lin
Jia li
author_sort Yin Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Female healthcare workers often experience heightened stress and increased turnover intentions due to work-family imbalance, which significantly disrupts the normal functioning of the healthcare system. The work-family balance is a multidimensional construct, and the complex relationships among its various dimensions, stress levels, and turnover intentions remain unclear. Methods The study was conducted among 436 female healthcare workers in China from May 2022 to January 2023, using the work-family balance scale, perceived stress scale and turnover intention scale. A network analysis and path analysis of the data were conducted through R software and the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results The feedback, adjustment and defense nodes were the important nodes of the work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intention network. Adjustment, defense and conversion between the two roles are more strongly associated with perceived stress and turnover intention. Moreover, adjustment, defense and conversion play parallel chain mediation roles between perceived stress and turnover intention. Conclusions The family and work of female medical staff can be mutually conflicting (adjustment and defense) and reinforcing (feedback). Moreover, once the mutual conflict and intrusion between family and work intensify, female healthcare workers' stress and turnover intention may increase, even if their work can provide resources for their families. This further suggests that hospital management systems could help female healthcare workers adjust their energy allocation between work and family areas by setting precise work hours, reducing work intrusion at home, and lowering stress and turnover intentions.
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spelling doaj-art-b2b67f844a0445a2b2c3cf15075b144d2025-08-20T03:21:00ZengBMCArchives of Public Health2049-32582025-06-0183111010.1186/s13690-025-01631-2Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysisYin Lin0Jia li1Child & Adolescent Psychology Department, Hainan Provincial Anning HospitalHainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityAbstract Background Female healthcare workers often experience heightened stress and increased turnover intentions due to work-family imbalance, which significantly disrupts the normal functioning of the healthcare system. The work-family balance is a multidimensional construct, and the complex relationships among its various dimensions, stress levels, and turnover intentions remain unclear. Methods The study was conducted among 436 female healthcare workers in China from May 2022 to January 2023, using the work-family balance scale, perceived stress scale and turnover intention scale. A network analysis and path analysis of the data were conducted through R software and the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Results The feedback, adjustment and defense nodes were the important nodes of the work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intention network. Adjustment, defense and conversion between the two roles are more strongly associated with perceived stress and turnover intention. Moreover, adjustment, defense and conversion play parallel chain mediation roles between perceived stress and turnover intention. Conclusions The family and work of female medical staff can be mutually conflicting (adjustment and defense) and reinforcing (feedback). Moreover, once the mutual conflict and intrusion between family and work intensify, female healthcare workers' stress and turnover intention may increase, even if their work can provide resources for their families. This further suggests that hospital management systems could help female healthcare workers adjust their energy allocation between work and family areas by setting precise work hours, reducing work intrusion at home, and lowering stress and turnover intentions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01631-2Female medical workersWork-family balancePerceived stressTurnover intentionsNetwork analysis
spellingShingle Yin Lin
Jia li
Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
Archives of Public Health
Female medical workers
Work-family balance
Perceived stress
Turnover intentions
Network analysis
title Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
title_full Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
title_fullStr Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
title_full_unstemmed Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
title_short Association patterns of work-family balance, perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in China (2022–2023): integration network and pathway analysis
title_sort association patterns of work family balance perceived stress and turnover intentions among female medical workers in china 2022 2023 integration network and pathway analysis
topic Female medical workers
Work-family balance
Perceived stress
Turnover intentions
Network analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01631-2
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AT jiali associationpatternsofworkfamilybalanceperceivedstressandturnoverintentionsamongfemalemedicalworkersinchina20222023integrationnetworkandpathwayanalysis