Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met
<p>Most glaciers in Austria are expected to disappear in the coming decades. The general trend to deglaciation is apparent from observations of past glacier change as well as projections of future glacier evolution in the region. However, the projected timing of ice loss varies considerably be...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-04-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/1431/2025/tc-19-1431-2025.pdf |
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| author | L. Hartl L. Hartl P. Schmitt L. Schuster K. Helfricht K. Helfricht J. Abermann F. Maussion F. Maussion |
| author_facet | L. Hartl L. Hartl P. Schmitt L. Schuster K. Helfricht K. Helfricht J. Abermann F. Maussion F. Maussion |
| author_sort | L. Hartl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Most glaciers in Austria are expected to disappear in the coming decades. The general trend to deglaciation is apparent from observations of past glacier change as well as projections of future glacier evolution in the region. However, the projected timing of ice loss varies considerably between models and data sources. We enhance observations of regional glacier area and volume change with a new inventory for the Ötztal and Stubai range in western Austria and use these data to initialize and calibrate the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), generating projections for all glaciers in the study region until 2100 under different warming levels. Observations show that approximately 19 % of glacier area and 23 % of glacier volume were lost between 2006 and 2017 (values are relative to 2006 area and volume and equivalent to annual loss rates of 1.7 % and 2.1 %, respectively). Five glaciers disappeared between 2006 and 2017 and are no longer included in the 2017 inventory. The model projections for all scenarios predict a faster glacier decline than a constant change scenario based on the observed change rates for 2006 to 2017. This highlights the need for dynamic, climate-aware glacier models to quantify the range of possible futures and trajectories to deglaciation. By adapting OGGM to incorporate the multitemporal, high-resolution observational data available for the study region, the model performance improved compared to using global, lower-resolution data and, for the first time, enabled the model to simultaneously match observed area and volume changes at a regional scale. This increases confidence in the regional projections, which show 2.7 % of the 2017 glacier volume in the region remaining by 2100 in a global warming scenario of <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C above preindustrial temperatures. Applying a <span class="inline-formula">+2</span> °C scenario, this volume is reached around 30 years earlier and deglaciation is near-complete by 2100 (0.4 % of 2017 volume remaining). Glacier loss in the study region under current warming trajectories (<span class="inline-formula">+2.7</span> °C) is expected to be near-complete before 2075 (less than 1 % of 2017 volume remaining). Gepatschferner, the largest glacier in the region, is expected to retain 5.4 % of its 2017 volume in a <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C scenario and 0.4 % in a <span class="inline-formula">+2</span> °C scenario. Over 100 glaciers, i.e., roughly one-third of the glaciers in the study region, are likely to disappear by 2030 even in the <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C scenario.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2ae9d65c0084419874fd6f4e01b00dd |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| series | The Cryosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2ae9d65c0084419874fd6f4e01b00dd2025-08-20T01:50:37ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242025-04-01191431145210.5194/tc-19-1431-2025Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not metL. Hartl0L. Hartl1P. Schmitt2L. Schuster3K. Helfricht4K. Helfricht5J. Abermann6F. Maussion7F. Maussion8Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, AustriaAlaska Climate Research Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USADepartment of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaInstitute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, AustriaHydrological Service Tyrol, Office of the Tyrolean Government, Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Geography and Regional Science, Graz University, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, AustriaSchool of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK<p>Most glaciers in Austria are expected to disappear in the coming decades. The general trend to deglaciation is apparent from observations of past glacier change as well as projections of future glacier evolution in the region. However, the projected timing of ice loss varies considerably between models and data sources. We enhance observations of regional glacier area and volume change with a new inventory for the Ötztal and Stubai range in western Austria and use these data to initialize and calibrate the Open Global Glacier Model (OGGM), generating projections for all glaciers in the study region until 2100 under different warming levels. Observations show that approximately 19 % of glacier area and 23 % of glacier volume were lost between 2006 and 2017 (values are relative to 2006 area and volume and equivalent to annual loss rates of 1.7 % and 2.1 %, respectively). Five glaciers disappeared between 2006 and 2017 and are no longer included in the 2017 inventory. The model projections for all scenarios predict a faster glacier decline than a constant change scenario based on the observed change rates for 2006 to 2017. This highlights the need for dynamic, climate-aware glacier models to quantify the range of possible futures and trajectories to deglaciation. By adapting OGGM to incorporate the multitemporal, high-resolution observational data available for the study region, the model performance improved compared to using global, lower-resolution data and, for the first time, enabled the model to simultaneously match observed area and volume changes at a regional scale. This increases confidence in the regional projections, which show 2.7 % of the 2017 glacier volume in the region remaining by 2100 in a global warming scenario of <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C above preindustrial temperatures. Applying a <span class="inline-formula">+2</span> °C scenario, this volume is reached around 30 years earlier and deglaciation is near-complete by 2100 (0.4 % of 2017 volume remaining). Glacier loss in the study region under current warming trajectories (<span class="inline-formula">+2.7</span> °C) is expected to be near-complete before 2075 (less than 1 % of 2017 volume remaining). Gepatschferner, the largest glacier in the region, is expected to retain 5.4 % of its 2017 volume in a <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C scenario and 0.4 % in a <span class="inline-formula">+2</span> °C scenario. Over 100 glaciers, i.e., roughly one-third of the glaciers in the study region, are likely to disappear by 2030 even in the <span class="inline-formula">+1.5</span> °C scenario.</p>https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/1431/2025/tc-19-1431-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | L. Hartl L. Hartl P. Schmitt L. Schuster K. Helfricht K. Helfricht J. Abermann F. Maussion F. Maussion Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met The Cryosphere |
| title | Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met |
| title_full | Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met |
| title_fullStr | Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met |
| title_short | Recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near-complete glacier loss in western Austria (Ötztal and Stubai mountain range) if 1.5 °C is not met |
| title_sort | recent observations and glacier modeling point towards near complete glacier loss in western austria otztal and stubai mountain range if 1 5 thinsp °c is not met |
| url | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/1431/2025/tc-19-1431-2025.pdf |
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