Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity

Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing in number every year, and large-scale uncontrolled EV charging can impose significant load pressure on the power grid (PG), affecting its stability and economy. This paper proposes an EV charging strategy that considers user selectivity. The user’s selection st...

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Main Authors: Sheng Li, Xiangyu Yan, Guanhua Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/95
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author Sheng Li
Xiangyu Yan
Guanhua Wang
author_facet Sheng Li
Xiangyu Yan
Guanhua Wang
author_sort Sheng Li
collection DOAJ
description Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing in number every year, and large-scale uncontrolled EV charging can impose significant load pressure on the power grid (PG), affecting its stability and economy. This paper proposes an EV charging strategy that considers user selectivity. The user’s selection strategy includes options for fast and slow charging types, as well as the choice of whether to comply with grid-controlled charging. Charging types are selected based on the ability to reach the desired state of charge (SOC), while compliance with grid-controlled charging is determined by comparing the unit charging cost (CC). An objective function is established to minimize the peak valley load difference (PVLD) rate of PGs and users’ CC. To achieve this, an improved non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (INSWOA) is proposed which initializes the population through logistic mapping, introduces nonlinear convergence factors for position updates, and uses adaptive inertia weights to improve population diversity, enhance global optimization ability, reduce premature convergence, and improve solution accuracy. Finally, simulating distribution networks in a certain region, the results obtained from the INSWOA were compared with those from the non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA) and other algorithms. The comparisons demonstrated that the INSWOA significantly reduced the PVLD rate of the PG load and users’ CCs, highlighting its high practical value.
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spelling doaj-art-b2a795a48fa94053b06b37bd77cdf3762025-08-20T02:45:30ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-02-011629510.3390/wevj16020095Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User SelectivitySheng Li0Xiangyu Yan1Guanhua Wang2School of Electric Power Engineering, School of Shenguorong, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, School of Shenguorong, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaSchool of Electric Power Engineering, School of Shenguorong, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, ChinaElectric vehicles (EVs) are increasing in number every year, and large-scale uncontrolled EV charging can impose significant load pressure on the power grid (PG), affecting its stability and economy. This paper proposes an EV charging strategy that considers user selectivity. The user’s selection strategy includes options for fast and slow charging types, as well as the choice of whether to comply with grid-controlled charging. Charging types are selected based on the ability to reach the desired state of charge (SOC), while compliance with grid-controlled charging is determined by comparing the unit charging cost (CC). An objective function is established to minimize the peak valley load difference (PVLD) rate of PGs and users’ CC. To achieve this, an improved non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (INSWOA) is proposed which initializes the population through logistic mapping, introduces nonlinear convergence factors for position updates, and uses adaptive inertia weights to improve population diversity, enhance global optimization ability, reduce premature convergence, and improve solution accuracy. Finally, simulating distribution networks in a certain region, the results obtained from the INSWOA were compared with those from the non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA) and other algorithms. The comparisons demonstrated that the INSWOA significantly reduced the PVLD rate of the PG load and users’ CCs, highlighting its high practical value.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/95EVsselective strategycharging cost (CC)peak valley load difference (PVLD)optimize schedulingnon-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA)
spellingShingle Sheng Li
Xiangyu Yan
Guanhua Wang
Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
World Electric Vehicle Journal
EVs
selective strategy
charging cost (CC)
peak valley load difference (PVLD)
optimize scheduling
non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA)
title Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
title_full Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
title_fullStr Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
title_full_unstemmed Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
title_short Multi Objective Optimization of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy Considering User Selectivity
title_sort multi objective optimization of electric vehicle charging strategy considering user selectivity
topic EVs
selective strategy
charging cost (CC)
peak valley load difference (PVLD)
optimize scheduling
non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/2/95
work_keys_str_mv AT shengli multiobjectiveoptimizationofelectricvehiclechargingstrategyconsideringuserselectivity
AT xiangyuyan multiobjectiveoptimizationofelectricvehiclechargingstrategyconsideringuserselectivity
AT guanhuawang multiobjectiveoptimizationofelectricvehiclechargingstrategyconsideringuserselectivity