Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.

<h4>Objectives</h4>Although mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce a robust immune response and prevent infections and hospitalizations, there are limited data on the antibody response in individuals with humoral immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral...

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Main Authors: Michaela Bitzenhofer, Franziska Suter-Riniker, Matthias B Moor, Daniel Sidler, Michael P Horn, Anna Gschwend, Cornelia Staehelin, Andri Rauch, Arthur Helbling, Lukas Jörg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2022-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0268780&type=printable
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author Michaela Bitzenhofer
Franziska Suter-Riniker
Matthias B Moor
Daniel Sidler
Michael P Horn
Anna Gschwend
Cornelia Staehelin
Andri Rauch
Arthur Helbling
Lukas Jörg
author_facet Michaela Bitzenhofer
Franziska Suter-Riniker
Matthias B Moor
Daniel Sidler
Michael P Horn
Anna Gschwend
Cornelia Staehelin
Andri Rauch
Arthur Helbling
Lukas Jörg
author_sort Michaela Bitzenhofer
collection DOAJ
description <h4>Objectives</h4>Although mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce a robust immune response and prevent infections and hospitalizations, there are limited data on the antibody response in individuals with humoral immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.<h4>Methods</h4>This cross-sectional study assessed 39 individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia under immunoglobulin replacement therapy. IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies (anti-S) were measured 4 weeks to 4 months after two doses of an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of patients, who developed a humoral immune response to the spike protein were evaluated and compared to 19 healthy controls.<h4>Results</h4>After vaccination with two vaccine doses, 26/39 patients (66.7%) with humoral immunodeficiency disease and all healthy controls developed anti-S. In subjects with baseline IgG <3 g/l, only 1/5 (20%) showed a humoral immune response. 10 out of 26 with CVID (38.5%) and 7/9 under immunosuppressive drugs (77.8%) developed no immune response (13 subjects with no response) compared to 0/19 in healthy controls. Subgroup analysis in patients without immunosuppressive drugs revealed lower anti-S in patients with moderate to severe humoral immunodeficiency disease: baseline IgG <3 g/l: 12.0 AU/ml (95%CI 12.0-125.0), baseline IgG 3-5 g/l: 99.9 AU/ml (95%CI 14.4-400.0), baseline IgG >5 g/l: 151.5 AU/ml (95%CI 109.0-400.0), healthy controls 250.0 AU/ml (95%CI 209.0-358.0), p = 0.007.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In most patients with mild to moderate humoral immunodeficiency we found only slightly lower anti-S antibodies compared with healthy controls after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. However, in patients with a decreased baseline IgG below 3 g/l and/or under immunosuppressive drugs, we found severely impaired humoral immune responses.
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spelling doaj-art-b2a5f262276d4a26a74b0d1b03d465c02025-08-20T03:16:35ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032022-01-01176e026878010.1371/journal.pone.0268780Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.Michaela BitzenhoferFranziska Suter-RinikerMatthias B MoorDaniel SidlerMichael P HornAnna GschwendCornelia StaehelinAndri RauchArthur HelblingLukas Jörg<h4>Objectives</h4>Although mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 induce a robust immune response and prevent infections and hospitalizations, there are limited data on the antibody response in individuals with humoral immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.<h4>Methods</h4>This cross-sectional study assessed 39 individuals with hypogammaglobulinemia under immunoglobulin replacement therapy. IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies (anti-S) were measured 4 weeks to 4 months after two doses of an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of patients, who developed a humoral immune response to the spike protein were evaluated and compared to 19 healthy controls.<h4>Results</h4>After vaccination with two vaccine doses, 26/39 patients (66.7%) with humoral immunodeficiency disease and all healthy controls developed anti-S. In subjects with baseline IgG <3 g/l, only 1/5 (20%) showed a humoral immune response. 10 out of 26 with CVID (38.5%) and 7/9 under immunosuppressive drugs (77.8%) developed no immune response (13 subjects with no response) compared to 0/19 in healthy controls. Subgroup analysis in patients without immunosuppressive drugs revealed lower anti-S in patients with moderate to severe humoral immunodeficiency disease: baseline IgG <3 g/l: 12.0 AU/ml (95%CI 12.0-125.0), baseline IgG 3-5 g/l: 99.9 AU/ml (95%CI 14.4-400.0), baseline IgG >5 g/l: 151.5 AU/ml (95%CI 109.0-400.0), healthy controls 250.0 AU/ml (95%CI 209.0-358.0), p = 0.007.<h4>Conclusion</h4>In most patients with mild to moderate humoral immunodeficiency we found only slightly lower anti-S antibodies compared with healthy controls after two vaccine doses with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. However, in patients with a decreased baseline IgG below 3 g/l and/or under immunosuppressive drugs, we found severely impaired humoral immune responses.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0268780&type=printable
spellingShingle Michaela Bitzenhofer
Franziska Suter-Riniker
Matthias B Moor
Daniel Sidler
Michael P Horn
Anna Gschwend
Cornelia Staehelin
Andri Rauch
Arthur Helbling
Lukas Jörg
Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
PLoS ONE
title Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
title_full Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
title_fullStr Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
title_full_unstemmed Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
title_short Humoral response to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease.
title_sort humoral response to mrna vaccines against sars cov 2 in patients with humoral immunodeficiency disease
url https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0268780&type=printable
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