Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising technological advancements that have revolutionized the healthcare sector (medicine and dentistry). AI and its subsets, such as machine learning (ML), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and deep learning (DL), are being used in dentistry for...

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Main Authors: Vanshika Maini, Rupanjan Roy, Gargi Gandhi, Aditi Chopra, Subraya G. Bhat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Hygiene
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/5
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author Vanshika Maini
Rupanjan Roy
Gargi Gandhi
Aditi Chopra
Subraya G. Bhat
author_facet Vanshika Maini
Rupanjan Roy
Gargi Gandhi
Aditi Chopra
Subraya G. Bhat
author_sort Vanshika Maini
collection DOAJ
description Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising technological advancements that have revolutionized the healthcare sector (medicine and dentistry). AI and its subsets, such as machine learning (ML), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and deep learning (DL), are being used in dentistry for data recording and management, patient education, radiographic interpretation, diagnosis, and treatment plans. AI and ML tools are commonly employed to improve oral hygiene and patient compliance. This narrative review paper discusses the innovations in AI-based plaque control aids (toothbrushes and interdental aids) that have improved overall health and patients’ hygiene compliance. We performed a literature search using different databases using the following keywords: “Artificial intelligence or machine learning or robots or robotics” AND “Toothbrush OR Smart toothbrush”. We included all the studies evaluating the use of any smart toothbrush, AI, or robotics for oral hygiene, plaque control, and patient education. AI-based smart toothbrushes helped patients to brush effectively by indicating the amount of pressure and the time taken for brushing, along with providing feedback on their brushing performance. Many microrobots can even recognize and automatically remove biofilm. Some AI-based smart toothbrushes are beneficial for children, patients with disabilities lack of manual dexterity, and neurological disorders. However, dental professionals choose AI-based smart toothbrushes for patients with poor oral hygiene and poor compliance for more effective control of oral diseases and to provide better health.
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spelling doaj-art-b29cc570f1694345aecde583e35631e42025-08-20T02:11:14ZengMDPI AGHygiene2673-947X2025-02-0151510.3390/hygiene5010005Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A ReviewVanshika Maini0Rupanjan Roy1Gargi Gandhi2Aditi Chopra3Subraya G. Bhat4Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, IndiaDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, Division of Periodontology, College of Dental Surgery, Iman Abdulrahman Bin Faizal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi ArabiaArtificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising technological advancements that have revolutionized the healthcare sector (medicine and dentistry). AI and its subsets, such as machine learning (ML), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and deep learning (DL), are being used in dentistry for data recording and management, patient education, radiographic interpretation, diagnosis, and treatment plans. AI and ML tools are commonly employed to improve oral hygiene and patient compliance. This narrative review paper discusses the innovations in AI-based plaque control aids (toothbrushes and interdental aids) that have improved overall health and patients’ hygiene compliance. We performed a literature search using different databases using the following keywords: “Artificial intelligence or machine learning or robots or robotics” AND “Toothbrush OR Smart toothbrush”. We included all the studies evaluating the use of any smart toothbrush, AI, or robotics for oral hygiene, plaque control, and patient education. AI-based smart toothbrushes helped patients to brush effectively by indicating the amount of pressure and the time taken for brushing, along with providing feedback on their brushing performance. Many microrobots can even recognize and automatically remove biofilm. Some AI-based smart toothbrushes are beneficial for children, patients with disabilities lack of manual dexterity, and neurological disorders. However, dental professionals choose AI-based smart toothbrushes for patients with poor oral hygiene and poor compliance for more effective control of oral diseases and to provide better health.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/5artificial intelligencemachine learningroboticsoral healthoral hygienetoothbrush
spellingShingle Vanshika Maini
Rupanjan Roy
Gargi Gandhi
Aditi Chopra
Subraya G. Bhat
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
Hygiene
artificial intelligence
machine learning
robotics
oral health
oral hygiene
toothbrush
title Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
title_full Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
title_fullStr Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
title_short Artificial-Intelligence-Based Smart Toothbrushes for Oral Health and Patient Education: A Review
title_sort artificial intelligence based smart toothbrushes for oral health and patient education a review
topic artificial intelligence
machine learning
robotics
oral health
oral hygiene
toothbrush
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-947X/5/1/5
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