Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study

Abstract BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It has a substantial impact on global public health, with low- and middle-income countries, including India, facing the highest burden. In 2022, India reported 127,526 new cases and 79,906 dea...

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Main Authors: Rashmi Mehra, Arindam Ray, Amrita Kumari, Amanjot Kaur, Rhythm Hora, Syed F Quadri, Seema Singh Koshal, Bodhisatwa Ray, Shyam Kumar Singh, Abida Sultana, Arup Deb Roy
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Medical Internet Research
Online Access:https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69729
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author Rashmi Mehra
Arindam Ray
Amrita Kumari
Amanjot Kaur
Rhythm Hora
Syed F Quadri
Seema Singh Koshal
Bodhisatwa Ray
Shyam Kumar Singh
Abida Sultana
Arup Deb Roy
author_facet Rashmi Mehra
Arindam Ray
Amrita Kumari
Amanjot Kaur
Rhythm Hora
Syed F Quadri
Seema Singh Koshal
Bodhisatwa Ray
Shyam Kumar Singh
Abida Sultana
Arup Deb Roy
author_sort Rashmi Mehra
collection DOAJ
description Abstract BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It has a substantial impact on global public health, with low- and middle-income countries, including India, facing the highest burden. In 2022, India reported 127,526 new cases and 79,906 deaths due to cervical cancer, projected to increase by 61% by 2040. Although the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommended the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention, it is yet to be a part of India’s universal immunization program. ObjectiveThis study aims to examine online interest in the HPV vaccine in India from January 2010 to April 2024 using Google Trends. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of Google Trends data was performed, using the relative search volume to track interest on a scale of 0‐100. Trends were analyzed annually using 1-way ANOVA and joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in search behavior related to public health events. Statistical significance was set at P ResultsThe average annual growth in HPV vaccine-related searches was 13.7% (95% CI 7.9%‐19.1%), with the highest relative search volume in 2024 (49.5) and the lowest in 2017 (3.38). Spikes in search interest aligned with key events like the 2018 National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommendation and the 2022 launch of the indigenous HPV vaccine. The results highlight online search data’s value in tracking public interest, which fluctuates in response to health policy changes or developments on social media. In India, targeted digital strategies will be vital for addressing vaccine hesitancy and increasing HPV vaccine uptake. ConclusionsGoogle Trends data can inform public health strategies by identifying periods of high interest, aiding in the promotion of HPV vaccination in India.
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spelling doaj-art-b2975c71bbb84beeb70c701a9039ac0b2025-08-20T02:03:05ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712025-05-0127e69729e6972910.2196/69729Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological StudyRashmi Mehrahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-5609Arindam Rayhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-0352Amrita Kumarihttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-8373Amanjot Kaurhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5772-0218Rhythm Horahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-6864Syed F Quadrihttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-2499Seema Singh Koshalhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-3349-9744Bodhisatwa Rayhttp://orcid.org/0009-0008-5134-9444Shyam Kumar Singhhttp://orcid.org/0009-0009-6498-4209Abida Sultanahttp://orcid.org/0009-0009-7632-3619Arup Deb Royhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-3396 Abstract BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. It has a substantial impact on global public health, with low- and middle-income countries, including India, facing the highest burden. In 2022, India reported 127,526 new cases and 79,906 deaths due to cervical cancer, projected to increase by 61% by 2040. Although the National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommended the HPV vaccine for cervical cancer prevention, it is yet to be a part of India’s universal immunization program. ObjectiveThis study aims to examine online interest in the HPV vaccine in India from January 2010 to April 2024 using Google Trends. MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of Google Trends data was performed, using the relative search volume to track interest on a scale of 0‐100. Trends were analyzed annually using 1-way ANOVA and joinpoint regression to identify significant changes in search behavior related to public health events. Statistical significance was set at P ResultsThe average annual growth in HPV vaccine-related searches was 13.7% (95% CI 7.9%‐19.1%), with the highest relative search volume in 2024 (49.5) and the lowest in 2017 (3.38). Spikes in search interest aligned with key events like the 2018 National Technical Advisory Group on Immunization recommendation and the 2022 launch of the indigenous HPV vaccine. The results highlight online search data’s value in tracking public interest, which fluctuates in response to health policy changes or developments on social media. In India, targeted digital strategies will be vital for addressing vaccine hesitancy and increasing HPV vaccine uptake. ConclusionsGoogle Trends data can inform public health strategies by identifying periods of high interest, aiding in the promotion of HPV vaccination in India.https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69729
spellingShingle Rashmi Mehra
Arindam Ray
Amrita Kumari
Amanjot Kaur
Rhythm Hora
Syed F Quadri
Seema Singh Koshal
Bodhisatwa Ray
Shyam Kumar Singh
Abida Sultana
Arup Deb Roy
Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
Journal of Medical Internet Research
title Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
title_full Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
title_fullStr Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
title_full_unstemmed Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
title_short Google Trends for the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India From 2010 to 2024: Infodemiological Study
title_sort google trends for the human papillomavirus vaccine in india from 2010 to 2024 infodemiological study
url https://www.jmir.org/2025/1/e69729
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