Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean
Heard Island, an active sub-Antarctic intraplate volcanic island on the Kerguelen Plateau, is mostly covered by glaciers. The amphitheatre shaped summit of the active volcanic centre, Big Ben (2813 m), has been interpreted to be the product of a significant volcanic landslide. Here we present the fi...
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Volcanica
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Volcanica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/280 |
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| author | Jodi M. Fox Sally J. Watson Trevor J. Falloon Rebecca J. Carey Joanne M. Whittaker Erica A. Spain Robert A. Duncan Richard J. Arculus Millard F. Coffin |
| author_facet | Jodi M. Fox Sally J. Watson Trevor J. Falloon Rebecca J. Carey Joanne M. Whittaker Erica A. Spain Robert A. Duncan Richard J. Arculus Millard F. Coffin |
| author_sort | Jodi M. Fox |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heard Island, an active sub-Antarctic intraplate volcanic island on the Kerguelen Plateau, is mostly covered by glaciers. The amphitheatre shaped summit of the active volcanic centre, Big Ben (2813 m), has been interpreted to be the product of a significant volcanic landslide. Here we present the first offshore geomorphological and geological evidence supporting a volcanic landslide on Big Ben, including: (1) the seafloor to the southwest of Heard resembling a landslide deposit, covering at least 467 km2, (2) the spatial correlation between the onshore landslide scar and the offshore deposit and (3) the consistency in lithologies and compositions of rocks sampled from the deposit with the onshore in situ lithologies. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology constrains the maximum age of the volcanic landslide to 18.0 ± 1.4 ka, post the Last Glacial Maximum. Finally, we assess the risk of volcanic landslide at Heard Island in the future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2941c5625174a00b9a08beeb238db19 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2610-3540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Volcanica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Volcanica |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2941c5625174a00b9a08beeb238db192025-01-27T12:53:00ZengVolcanicaVolcanica2610-35402025-01-0181315010.30909/vol.08.01.3150265Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian OceanJodi M. Fox0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2493-6623Sally J. Watson1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-5034Trevor J. Falloon2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-9739Rebecca J. Carey3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-6419Joanne M. Whittaker4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3170-3935Erica A. Spain5Robert A. Duncan6https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9851-9998Richard J. Arculus7Millard F. Coffin8https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-0038Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.Heard Island, an active sub-Antarctic intraplate volcanic island on the Kerguelen Plateau, is mostly covered by glaciers. The amphitheatre shaped summit of the active volcanic centre, Big Ben (2813 m), has been interpreted to be the product of a significant volcanic landslide. Here we present the first offshore geomorphological and geological evidence supporting a volcanic landslide on Big Ben, including: (1) the seafloor to the southwest of Heard resembling a landslide deposit, covering at least 467 km2, (2) the spatial correlation between the onshore landslide scar and the offshore deposit and (3) the consistency in lithologies and compositions of rocks sampled from the deposit with the onshore in situ lithologies. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology constrains the maximum age of the volcanic landslide to 18.0 ± 1.4 ka, post the Last Glacial Maximum. Finally, we assess the risk of volcanic landslide at Heard Island in the future.https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/280flank collapsekerguelenvolcanic debris avalanche40ar/39arintraplateglacier |
| spellingShingle | Jodi M. Fox Sally J. Watson Trevor J. Falloon Rebecca J. Carey Joanne M. Whittaker Erica A. Spain Robert A. Duncan Richard J. Arculus Millard F. Coffin Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean Volcanica flank collapse kerguelen volcanic debris avalanche 40ar/39ar intraplate glacier |
| title | Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean |
| title_full | Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean |
| title_fullStr | Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean |
| title_full_unstemmed | Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean |
| title_short | Offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post Last Glacial Maximum at sub-Antarctic Heard Island, southern Indian Ocean |
| title_sort | offshore evidence for volcanic landslide post last glacial maximum at sub antarctic heard island southern indian ocean |
| topic | flank collapse kerguelen volcanic debris avalanche 40ar/39ar intraplate glacier |
| url | https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/280 |
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