Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3

Abstract Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a nuclear import receptor known for its broad substrate specificity, often recognizing arginine-serine (SR/RS) repeat-rich nuclear localization signals (NLS) in SRSF proteins. While serine phosphorylation or glutamate presence has been associated with these NLSs, re...

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Main Authors: Qishun Zhou, Theo Sagmeister, Saskia Hutten, Benjamin Bourgeois, Tea Pavkov-Keller, Dorothee Dormann, Tobias Madl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59802-2
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author Qishun Zhou
Theo Sagmeister
Saskia Hutten
Benjamin Bourgeois
Tea Pavkov-Keller
Dorothee Dormann
Tobias Madl
author_facet Qishun Zhou
Theo Sagmeister
Saskia Hutten
Benjamin Bourgeois
Tea Pavkov-Keller
Dorothee Dormann
Tobias Madl
author_sort Qishun Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a nuclear import receptor known for its broad substrate specificity, often recognizing arginine-serine (SR/RS) repeat-rich nuclear localization signals (NLS) in SRSF proteins. While serine phosphorylation or glutamate presence has been associated with these NLSs, recent proteomic studies identified TNPO3 cargoes lacking SR/RS repeats. One such example is the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), which contains a non-classical RSY-NLS. Using X-ray crystallography, here we investigate the TNPO3-CIRBP interaction and find that tyrosines within the RSY-NLS play a key role in binding, independent of phosphorylation. Surprisingly, serine and tyrosine phosphorylation in CIRBP’s NLS inhibits TNPO3 binding, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for nuclear import. Our study reveals a non-conventional nuclear import mechanism mediated by TNPO3, which may extend to other known or yet undiscovered TNPO3 cargoes.
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spelling doaj-art-b28c4176150d401cb98e9f2abbc87ae52025-08-20T01:51:28ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-59802-2Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3Qishun Zhou0Theo Sagmeister1Saskia Hutten2Benjamin Bourgeois3Tea Pavkov-Keller4Dorothee Dormann5Tobias Madl6Research Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of GrazInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of GrazJohannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institute of Molecular PhysiologyResearch Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of GrazInstitute of Molecular Biosciences, University of GrazJohannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Institute of Molecular PhysiologyResearch Unit Integrative Structural Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of GrazAbstract Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a nuclear import receptor known for its broad substrate specificity, often recognizing arginine-serine (SR/RS) repeat-rich nuclear localization signals (NLS) in SRSF proteins. While serine phosphorylation or glutamate presence has been associated with these NLSs, recent proteomic studies identified TNPO3 cargoes lacking SR/RS repeats. One such example is the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), which contains a non-classical RSY-NLS. Using X-ray crystallography, here we investigate the TNPO3-CIRBP interaction and find that tyrosines within the RSY-NLS play a key role in binding, independent of phosphorylation. Surprisingly, serine and tyrosine phosphorylation in CIRBP’s NLS inhibits TNPO3 binding, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for nuclear import. Our study reveals a non-conventional nuclear import mechanism mediated by TNPO3, which may extend to other known or yet undiscovered TNPO3 cargoes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59802-2
spellingShingle Qishun Zhou
Theo Sagmeister
Saskia Hutten
Benjamin Bourgeois
Tea Pavkov-Keller
Dorothee Dormann
Tobias Madl
Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
Nature Communications
title Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
title_full Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
title_fullStr Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
title_full_unstemmed Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
title_short Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3
title_sort structural basis of phosphorylation independent nuclear import of cirbp by tnpo3
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59802-2
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