Structural basis of phosphorylation-independent nuclear import of CIRBP by TNPO3

Abstract Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a nuclear import receptor known for its broad substrate specificity, often recognizing arginine-serine (SR/RS) repeat-rich nuclear localization signals (NLS) in SRSF proteins. While serine phosphorylation or glutamate presence has been associated with these NLSs, re...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qishun Zhou, Theo Sagmeister, Saskia Hutten, Benjamin Bourgeois, Tea Pavkov-Keller, Dorothee Dormann, Tobias Madl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59802-2
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Summary:Abstract Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a nuclear import receptor known for its broad substrate specificity, often recognizing arginine-serine (SR/RS) repeat-rich nuclear localization signals (NLS) in SRSF proteins. While serine phosphorylation or glutamate presence has been associated with these NLSs, recent proteomic studies identified TNPO3 cargoes lacking SR/RS repeats. One such example is the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP), which contains a non-classical RSY-NLS. Using X-ray crystallography, here we investigate the TNPO3-CIRBP interaction and find that tyrosines within the RSY-NLS play a key role in binding, independent of phosphorylation. Surprisingly, serine and tyrosine phosphorylation in CIRBP’s NLS inhibits TNPO3 binding, suggesting a regulatory mechanism for nuclear import. Our study reveals a non-conventional nuclear import mechanism mediated by TNPO3, which may extend to other known or yet undiscovered TNPO3 cargoes.
ISSN:2041-1723