Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management
Background: Current research aims to fabricate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and carbopol hydrogel beads. Gleichzeitig, beads were coated with chitosan to enhance the controlled release of the drug Metformin HCl (MET), which serves as a model drug for diabetes mellitus (DM). Methodology: T...
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Creative Pharma Assent
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research |
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| Online Access: | https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1006 |
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| author | Sachin Gupta Swati Dubey Sanjeev Kumar Patel Anshu Priyanka Lakra Sunita Minz |
| author_facet | Sachin Gupta Swati Dubey Sanjeev Kumar Patel Anshu Priyanka Lakra Sunita Minz |
| author_sort | Sachin Gupta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Current research aims to fabricate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and carbopol hydrogel beads. Gleichzeitig, beads were coated with chitosan to enhance the controlled release of the drug Metformin HCl (MET), which serves as a model drug for diabetes mellitus (DM). Methodology: The MET beads were synthesized through the ionotropic gelation process. The foundation of ionotropic gelation is a polyelectrolyte’s capacity to cross-link to create hydrogels when counterions are present. The negatively charged carboxylate groups (-COO⁻) on CMC-Na form electrostatic interactions with the positively charged aluminium ions (Al³⁺) from AlCl3. The quality-by-design approach was employed to optimize process factors in preparing hydrogel beads. A comprehensive evaluation of the beads covered various aspects such as particle size, scanning electron microscopy, percentage yield, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro drug release. Results and Discussion: The beads were spherical, with an average particle diameter of 153.6 to 231.5 μm. The entrapment efficiency percentage range is 94.4% and 97.83% for MET-loaded and chitosan-coated MET-loaded beads, respectively. Therefore, in-vitro drug release of the optimized MET-loaded beads is 55.5 %, and chitosan-coated MET-loaded beads are approximately 48.8% achieved in 10 hours. Conclusion: Chitosan-coated CMC-Na and carbopol hydrogel beads showed good MET encapsulation and sustained release, improving structural integrity and drug release. The ionotropic gelation process created stable, homogeneous beads, making this delivery method viable for oral sustained-release MET formulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b28a4750aa7246a9abe4d3ebb385a818 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2348-0335 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Creative Pharma Assent |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-b28a4750aa7246a9abe4d3ebb385a8182025-08-20T03:10:10ZengCreative Pharma AssentJournal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research2348-03352025-04-01132738510.69857/joapr.v13i2.10061007Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes managementSachin Gupta0Swati Dubey1Sanjeev Kumar Patel2Anshu Priyanka Lakra3Sunita Minz4Agra Public College of Higher Education and Research Centre, Artoni, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India 202007Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484007Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484007All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India 462020Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, India 484007Background: Current research aims to fabricate carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) and carbopol hydrogel beads. Gleichzeitig, beads were coated with chitosan to enhance the controlled release of the drug Metformin HCl (MET), which serves as a model drug for diabetes mellitus (DM). Methodology: The MET beads were synthesized through the ionotropic gelation process. The foundation of ionotropic gelation is a polyelectrolyte’s capacity to cross-link to create hydrogels when counterions are present. The negatively charged carboxylate groups (-COO⁻) on CMC-Na form electrostatic interactions with the positively charged aluminium ions (Al³⁺) from AlCl3. The quality-by-design approach was employed to optimize process factors in preparing hydrogel beads. A comprehensive evaluation of the beads covered various aspects such as particle size, scanning electron microscopy, percentage yield, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, entrapment efficiency (EE), and in vitro drug release. Results and Discussion: The beads were spherical, with an average particle diameter of 153.6 to 231.5 μm. The entrapment efficiency percentage range is 94.4% and 97.83% for MET-loaded and chitosan-coated MET-loaded beads, respectively. Therefore, in-vitro drug release of the optimized MET-loaded beads is 55.5 %, and chitosan-coated MET-loaded beads are approximately 48.8% achieved in 10 hours. Conclusion: Chitosan-coated CMC-Na and carbopol hydrogel beads showed good MET encapsulation and sustained release, improving structural integrity and drug release. The ionotropic gelation process created stable, homogeneous beads, making this delivery method viable for oral sustained-release MET formulations.https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1006metformin hclbeadsdiabetes mellituschitosancarboxymethyl cellulose sodiumcarbopol |
| spellingShingle | Sachin Gupta Swati Dubey Sanjeev Kumar Patel Anshu Priyanka Lakra Sunita Minz Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Research metformin hcl beads diabetes mellitus chitosan carboxymethyl cellulose sodium carbopol |
| title | Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| title_full | Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| title_fullStr | Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| title_short | Chitosan-coated CMC and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| title_sort | chitosan coated cmc and carbopol hydrogel beads for controlled release of metformin in diabetes management |
| topic | metformin hcl beads diabetes mellitus chitosan carboxymethyl cellulose sodium carbopol |
| url | https://japtronline.com/index.php/joapr/article/view/1006 |
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