SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes
<p>The rapid development of the economy and the implementation of environmental policies adapted in India have led to fast changes of regional SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions. We present a monthly SO<span class="inline-form...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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| author | Y. Chen Y. Chen R. J. van der A J. Ding H. Eskes J. E. Williams N. Theys A. Tsikerdekis P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt |
| author_facet | Y. Chen Y. Chen R. J. van der A J. Ding H. Eskes J. E. Williams N. Theys A. Tsikerdekis P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt |
| author_sort | Y. Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>The rapid development of the economy and the implementation of environmental policies adapted in India have led to fast changes of regional SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions. We present a monthly SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emission inventory for India covering December 2018 to November 2023 based on the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) Level-2 COBRA SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> dataset, using an improved flux-divergence method and estimated local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime, which includes both its chemical loss and dry deposition. We update the methodology to use the daily CAMS model output estimates of the hydroxyl-radical distribution as well as the measured dry deposition velocity to account for the variability in the tropospheric SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime. It is the first effort to derive the local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime for application in the divergence method. The results show the application of the local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime improves the accuracy of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions estimation when compared to calculations using a constant lifetime. Our improved flux-divergence method reduced the spreading of the point-source emissions compared to the standard flux-divergence method. Our derived averaged SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions covering the recent 5 years are about 5.2 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> with a monthly mean uncertainty of 40 %, which is lower than the bottom-up emissions of 11.0 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> from CAMS-GLOB-ANT v5.3. The total emissions from the 92 largest point-source emissions are estimated to be 2.9 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, lower than the estimation of 5.2 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> from the global SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> catalog MSAQSO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>LV4. We claim that the variability in the SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime is important to account for in estimating top-down SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2848b85e43d46a394e7f47da7a3a2cb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2848b85e43d46a394e7f47da7a3a2cb2025-02-11T11:34:44ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242025-02-01251851186810.5194/acp-25-1851-2025SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimesY. Chen0Y. Chen1R. J. van der A2J. Ding3H. Eskes4J. E. Williams5N. Theys6A. Tsikerdekis7P. F. Levelt8P. F. Levelt9P. F. Levelt10Research & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsDepartment of Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology (TUD), Delft, the NetherlandsResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsDivision of Atmospheric Composition, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, BelgiumResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsResearch & Development Satellite Observations, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the NetherlandsDepartment of Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology (TUD), Delft, the NetherlandsNational Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado, United States<p>The rapid development of the economy and the implementation of environmental policies adapted in India have led to fast changes of regional SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions. We present a monthly SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emission inventory for India covering December 2018 to November 2023 based on the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) Level-2 COBRA SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> dataset, using an improved flux-divergence method and estimated local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime, which includes both its chemical loss and dry deposition. We update the methodology to use the daily CAMS model output estimates of the hydroxyl-radical distribution as well as the measured dry deposition velocity to account for the variability in the tropospheric SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime. It is the first effort to derive the local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime for application in the divergence method. The results show the application of the local SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime improves the accuracy of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions estimation when compared to calculations using a constant lifetime. Our improved flux-divergence method reduced the spreading of the point-source emissions compared to the standard flux-divergence method. Our derived averaged SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions covering the recent 5 years are about 5.2 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> with a monthly mean uncertainty of 40 %, which is lower than the bottom-up emissions of 11.0 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> from CAMS-GLOB-ANT v5.3. The total emissions from the 92 largest point-source emissions are estimated to be 2.9 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, lower than the estimation of 5.2 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> from the global SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> catalog MSAQSO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>LV4. We claim that the variability in the SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> lifetime is important to account for in estimating top-down SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/1851/2025/acp-25-1851-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Chen Y. Chen R. J. van der A J. Ding H. Eskes J. E. Williams N. Theys A. Tsikerdekis P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt P. F. Levelt SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| title_full | SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| title_fullStr | SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| title_full_unstemmed | SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| title_short | SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI observations over India using a flux-divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| title_sort | so sub 2 sub emissions derived from tropomi observations over india using a flux divergence method with variable lifetimes |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/1851/2025/acp-25-1851-2025.pdf |
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