Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes

The present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± 2....

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Main Authors: Ibrahim Ouergui, Slaheddine Delleli, Gennaro Apollaro, Hamdi Messaoudi, Rafael Lima Kons, Craig Alan Bridge, Hamdi Chtourou, Emerson Franchini, Emanuela Faelli, Luca Paolo Ardigò
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Sports
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/4/103
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author Ibrahim Ouergui
Slaheddine Delleli
Gennaro Apollaro
Hamdi Messaoudi
Rafael Lima Kons
Craig Alan Bridge
Hamdi Chtourou
Emerson Franchini
Emanuela Faelli
Luca Paolo Ardigò
author_facet Ibrahim Ouergui
Slaheddine Delleli
Gennaro Apollaro
Hamdi Messaoudi
Rafael Lima Kons
Craig Alan Bridge
Hamdi Chtourou
Emerson Franchini
Emanuela Faelli
Luca Paolo Ardigò
author_sort Ibrahim Ouergui
collection DOAJ
description The present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± 2.1 years) performed randomly, in separate sessions, SJ and CMJ tests using the right, left, and both legs to determine the asymmetry and BLI, the 10 s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT<sub>10s</sub>), and its multiple version (FSKT<sub>mult</sub>). FSKT<sub>10s</sub> was positively correlated with CMJ asymmetry (ρ = 0.299, <i>p</i> = 0.039, low) and SJ BLI (r = 0.596, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (r = −0.472, <i>p</i> = 0.001, moderate). Similarly, FSKT<sub>mult</sub> was positively correlated with SJ BLI (ρ = 0.632, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (ρ = −0.532, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large). CMJ and SJ BLI explained 45.9% of the variance of the FSKT<sub>10s</sub> performance, whilst they explained 55.7% of the variance of FSKT<sub>mult</sub> performance. These results highlight the importance of managing both interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit indexes to achieve better performance by improving the strength of the non-dominant leg and using exercises that are performed bilaterally despite unilateral movements being predominant in taekwondo, which can potentially enhance the effectiveness in sport-specific actions
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spelling doaj-art-b27f1883b2444bc483fc3c317d06fd7a2025-08-20T02:18:01ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632025-03-0113410310.3390/sports13040103Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo AthletesIbrahim Ouergui0Slaheddine Delleli1Gennaro Apollaro2Hamdi Messaoudi3Rafael Lima Kons4Craig Alan Bridge5Hamdi Chtourou6Emerson Franchini7Emanuela Faelli8Luca Paolo Ardigò9High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef 7100, TunisiaHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, TunisiaDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, TunisiaDepartment of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, BrazilSports Performance Research Group, Department of Sport & Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Lancashire L39 4QP, UKHigh Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, TunisiaMartial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-060, BrazilCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Linstows Gate 3, 0166 Oslo, NorwayThe present study investigated the effect of inter-limb asymmetry and bilateral indexes (BLIs) in power performance, assessed by squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ), on sport-specific anaerobic performance. Forty-eight taekwondo athletes (24 males and 24 females; mean ± SD, age: 19.8 ± 2.1 years) performed randomly, in separate sessions, SJ and CMJ tests using the right, left, and both legs to determine the asymmetry and BLI, the 10 s Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT<sub>10s</sub>), and its multiple version (FSKT<sub>mult</sub>). FSKT<sub>10s</sub> was positively correlated with CMJ asymmetry (ρ = 0.299, <i>p</i> = 0.039, low) and SJ BLI (r = 0.596, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (r = −0.472, <i>p</i> = 0.001, moderate). Similarly, FSKT<sub>mult</sub> was positively correlated with SJ BLI (ρ = 0.632, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large), and negatively correlated with CMJ BLI (ρ = −0.532, <i>p</i> < 0.001, large). CMJ and SJ BLI explained 45.9% of the variance of the FSKT<sub>10s</sub> performance, whilst they explained 55.7% of the variance of FSKT<sub>mult</sub> performance. These results highlight the importance of managing both interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit indexes to achieve better performance by improving the strength of the non-dominant leg and using exercises that are performed bilaterally despite unilateral movements being predominant in taekwondo, which can potentially enhance the effectiveness in sport-specific actionshttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/4/103asymmetryperformancestrengthcorrelationcombat sports
spellingShingle Ibrahim Ouergui
Slaheddine Delleli
Gennaro Apollaro
Hamdi Messaoudi
Rafael Lima Kons
Craig Alan Bridge
Hamdi Chtourou
Emerson Franchini
Emanuela Faelli
Luca Paolo Ardigò
Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
Sports
asymmetry
performance
strength
correlation
combat sports
title Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
title_full Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
title_fullStr Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
title_full_unstemmed Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
title_short Relationships Between Sport-Specific Anaerobic Tests, Interlimb Asymmetry, and Bilateral Deficit as Measured from Vertical Jump Performances in Highly Trained Taekwondo Athletes
title_sort relationships between sport specific anaerobic tests interlimb asymmetry and bilateral deficit as measured from vertical jump performances in highly trained taekwondo athletes
topic asymmetry
performance
strength
correlation
combat sports
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/13/4/103
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