Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) suffer from hypoxia-ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The impact of early humoral immunity on prognosis in this process remains unclear. Methods Outcomes at discha...

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Main Authors: Zhenyu Shan, Xingsheng Wang, Le An, Chenchen Hang, Zihao Jiang, Weijie Cheng, Ziqi Zhong, Rui Shao, Ziren Tang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Emergency Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01282-0
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author Zhenyu Shan
Xingsheng Wang
Le An
Chenchen Hang
Zihao Jiang
Weijie Cheng
Ziqi Zhong
Rui Shao
Ziren Tang
author_facet Zhenyu Shan
Xingsheng Wang
Le An
Chenchen Hang
Zihao Jiang
Weijie Cheng
Ziqi Zhong
Rui Shao
Ziren Tang
author_sort Zhenyu Shan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) suffer from hypoxia-ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The impact of early humoral immunity on prognosis in this process remains unclear. Methods Outcomes at discharge were evaluated in 183 patients resuscitated from OHCA, including neurological outcomes as measured by CPC scores, survival, and length of stay (LOS). Humoral immunity, including IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4, was tested on the first day of admission. Difference test, restricted cubic spline, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between humoral immunity and outcomes. Results Differences were observed in IgM, C3, and C4 levels among patients with different prognoses. Patients with poor prognosis have lower IgM levels (CPC 1–2 vs. CPC 3–5: 68.3[47.05–105] vs. 55.45[31.95–86.12] mg/dL, P = 0.0256), lower C3 levels (CPC 1–2 vs. CPC 3–5: 72.1[62.6–72.1] vs. 63.05[49.83–79.72] mg/dL, P = 0.0091; survival vs. dead: 72.1[60.9-86.62] vs. 58.7[43.7–72.6] mg/dL, P < 0.0001), and lower C4 levels (survival vs. dead: 18.9[15.38–22.92] vs. 17.2[11.85–21.5] mg/dL, P = 0.0148). Non-linear correlations were found between humoral immunity and prognosis (IgM: ORnon−linear=1.068[95%CI: 1.009–1.130], Pnon−linear=0.0236); C3: ORnon−linear=1.048[95%CI: 1.000-1.097], Pnon−linear=0.0488). LOS was negatively linearly correlated with IgG (R2 adjusted = 0.115, P = 0.0148) and C3 (R2 adjusted = 0.127, P = 0.0108) in patients with CPC 1–2. Conclusions Humoral immunity is at a low level in OHCA patients after ROSC, and humoral immunity was associated with neurological prognosis, survival at discharge, and LOS.
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spelling doaj-art-b27e1802afa24f2f87e7564aa8a42ca62025-08-20T03:04:26ZengBMCBMC Emergency Medicine1471-227X2025-07-0125111110.1186/s12873-025-01282-0Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective studyZhenyu Shan0Xingsheng Wang1Le An2Chenchen Hang3Zihao Jiang4Weijie Cheng5Ziqi Zhong6Rui Shao7Ziren Tang8Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Background Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) suffer from hypoxia-ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The impact of early humoral immunity on prognosis in this process remains unclear. Methods Outcomes at discharge were evaluated in 183 patients resuscitated from OHCA, including neurological outcomes as measured by CPC scores, survival, and length of stay (LOS). Humoral immunity, including IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4, was tested on the first day of admission. Difference test, restricted cubic spline, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between humoral immunity and outcomes. Results Differences were observed in IgM, C3, and C4 levels among patients with different prognoses. Patients with poor prognosis have lower IgM levels (CPC 1–2 vs. CPC 3–5: 68.3[47.05–105] vs. 55.45[31.95–86.12] mg/dL, P = 0.0256), lower C3 levels (CPC 1–2 vs. CPC 3–5: 72.1[62.6–72.1] vs. 63.05[49.83–79.72] mg/dL, P = 0.0091; survival vs. dead: 72.1[60.9-86.62] vs. 58.7[43.7–72.6] mg/dL, P < 0.0001), and lower C4 levels (survival vs. dead: 18.9[15.38–22.92] vs. 17.2[11.85–21.5] mg/dL, P = 0.0148). Non-linear correlations were found between humoral immunity and prognosis (IgM: ORnon−linear=1.068[95%CI: 1.009–1.130], Pnon−linear=0.0236); C3: ORnon−linear=1.048[95%CI: 1.000-1.097], Pnon−linear=0.0488). LOS was negatively linearly correlated with IgG (R2 adjusted = 0.115, P = 0.0148) and C3 (R2 adjusted = 0.127, P = 0.0108) in patients with CPC 1–2. Conclusions Humoral immunity is at a low level in OHCA patients after ROSC, and humoral immunity was associated with neurological prognosis, survival at discharge, and LOS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01282-0Out-of-hospital cardiac arrestReturn of spontaneous circulationHumoral immunityOutcome
spellingShingle Zhenyu Shan
Xingsheng Wang
Le An
Chenchen Hang
Zihao Jiang
Weijie Cheng
Ziqi Zhong
Rui Shao
Ziren Tang
Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
BMC Emergency Medicine
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Return of spontaneous circulation
Humoral immunity
Outcome
title Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
title_full Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
title_short Association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation: a retrospective study
title_sort association between humoral immunity and clinical outcomes of patients after out of hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation a retrospective study
topic Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Return of spontaneous circulation
Humoral immunity
Outcome
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-025-01282-0
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