Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

This study employs logging, petrology, and geochemistry to investigate the characteristics, origin, and hydrocarbon significance of fractures and (ferro) dolomite veins in a buried hill in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, South China Sea. We show that the study area is mainly characterized by three sta...

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Main Authors: Wei Duan, Cheng-Fei Luo, Lin Shi, Jin-Ding Chen, Chun-Feng Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1970
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author Wei Duan
Cheng-Fei Luo
Lin Shi
Jin-Ding Chen
Chun-Feng Li
author_facet Wei Duan
Cheng-Fei Luo
Lin Shi
Jin-Ding Chen
Chun-Feng Li
author_sort Wei Duan
collection DOAJ
description This study employs logging, petrology, and geochemistry to investigate the characteristics, origin, and hydrocarbon significance of fractures and (ferro) dolomite veins in a buried hill in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, South China Sea. We show that the study area is mainly characterized by three stages of fracturing with medium-high dipping angles. The orientation of the fractures is mainly NNW–SSE, consistent with the fault system strike formed by the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic activity in the basin. (Ferro) dolomite veins in the fractures can be classified into three stages, all of which can be even observed in individual fractures. The first stage is the powdery crystal dolomite veins grown mainly on the fracture surface, which have the highest strontium isotope values, as well as high contents of the Mg element and extremely low contents of the Fe and Mn elements. The first-stage veins were formed in a relatively open oxidized environment, and the vein-forming fluids exhibit characteristics of mixing formation water and atmospheric freshwater within the fractures. The second stage, involving fine-crystal dolomite veins, was formed in a buried diagenetic environment where groundwater mixed with deep hydrothermal fluids, and contained the highest carbon isotope values, more Fe and Mn elements, and less Mg element than the first stage. The third stage of medium-crystal ankerite veins was formed in the latest stage, with the lowest strontium and oxygen isotope values. This was mainly a result of deep hydrothermal formation in which the rock-forming material formed from the interaction between the hydrothermal fluid and the iron-rich and aluminosilicate minerals in the surrounding granite of the fractures. We conclude that the multi-phase tectonic movements form a massive scale reticulated fracture inside the granite buried hill, which effectively improves the physical condition of the gas reservoirs. The gas reservoirs remain of high quality, despite the filling of the three stages of (ferro) dolomite veins.
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spelling doaj-art-b277114134fa4ea893ce62daed7b37a42025-08-20T01:53:53ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122024-11-011211197010.3390/jmse12111970Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China SeaWei Duan0Cheng-Fei Luo1Lin Shi2Jin-Ding Chen3Chun-Feng Li4Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaChina National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Central Laboratory, CNOOC EnerTech-Drilling & Production Co., Zhanjiang 524057, ChinaFrontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, MOE, College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaChina National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Central Laboratory, CNOOC EnerTech-Drilling & Production Co., Zhanjiang 524057, ChinaInstitute of Marine Geology and Resources, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaThis study employs logging, petrology, and geochemistry to investigate the characteristics, origin, and hydrocarbon significance of fractures and (ferro) dolomite veins in a buried hill in the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, South China Sea. We show that the study area is mainly characterized by three stages of fracturing with medium-high dipping angles. The orientation of the fractures is mainly NNW–SSE, consistent with the fault system strike formed by the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic activity in the basin. (Ferro) dolomite veins in the fractures can be classified into three stages, all of which can be even observed in individual fractures. The first stage is the powdery crystal dolomite veins grown mainly on the fracture surface, which have the highest strontium isotope values, as well as high contents of the Mg element and extremely low contents of the Fe and Mn elements. The first-stage veins were formed in a relatively open oxidized environment, and the vein-forming fluids exhibit characteristics of mixing formation water and atmospheric freshwater within the fractures. The second stage, involving fine-crystal dolomite veins, was formed in a buried diagenetic environment where groundwater mixed with deep hydrothermal fluids, and contained the highest carbon isotope values, more Fe and Mn elements, and less Mg element than the first stage. The third stage of medium-crystal ankerite veins was formed in the latest stage, with the lowest strontium and oxygen isotope values. This was mainly a result of deep hydrothermal formation in which the rock-forming material formed from the interaction between the hydrothermal fluid and the iron-rich and aluminosilicate minerals in the surrounding granite of the fractures. We conclude that the multi-phase tectonic movements form a massive scale reticulated fracture inside the granite buried hill, which effectively improves the physical condition of the gas reservoirs. The gas reservoirs remain of high quality, despite the filling of the three stages of (ferro) dolomite veins.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1970Qiongdongnan Basinsouth China seagranite buried hillsfractured gas reservoirsdolomite veinsreservoir quality
spellingShingle Wei Duan
Cheng-Fei Luo
Lin Shi
Jin-Ding Chen
Chun-Feng Li
Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Qiongdongnan Basin
south China sea
granite buried hills
fractured gas reservoirs
dolomite veins
reservoir quality
title Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
title_full Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
title_fullStr Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
title_full_unstemmed Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
title_short Formation Mechanism and Petroleum Geological Significance of (Ferro) Dolomite Veins from Fractured Reservoirs in Granite Buried Hills: Insights from Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea
title_sort formation mechanism and petroleum geological significance of ferro dolomite veins from fractured reservoirs in granite buried hills insights from qiongdongnan basin south china sea
topic Qiongdongnan Basin
south China sea
granite buried hills
fractured gas reservoirs
dolomite veins
reservoir quality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/12/11/1970
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