Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria

Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies must present results in a clear and comparable manner to support decision-making, particularly for policymakers who often prioritize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while neglecting other environmental impacts. Decision making in favor of or against a product or it...

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Main Authors: Mohammed Engha Isah, Zhengyang Zhang, Kazuyo Matsubae
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adf720
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author Mohammed Engha Isah
Zhengyang Zhang
Kazuyo Matsubae
author_facet Mohammed Engha Isah
Zhengyang Zhang
Kazuyo Matsubae
author_sort Mohammed Engha Isah
collection DOAJ
description Life cycle assessment (LCA) studies must present results in a clear and comparable manner to support decision-making, particularly for policymakers who often prioritize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while neglecting other environmental impacts. Decision making in favor of or against a product or it is alternatives therefore often requires weighing of environmental impacts. This study develops a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) weighting method to evaluate the environmental performance of small, semi-mechanized, and large-scale palm oil mills in Nigeria using a gate-to-gate approach. The distance-to-target ecological scarcity weighting methodology was applied across four environmental impact categories (GHG, freshwater resources, emissions to air and primary energy resources). Results indicate that semi-mechanized mills exhibit the highest overall environmental burden than smallholder and large-scale mills and accounted for 61% of the total overall single score primarily due to GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Across all mill types, GHG emissions emerge as the dominant contributor to environmental degradation, underscoring the need for renewable energy integration. Sensitivity analysis highlights that policies targeting GHG emissions and freshwater use significantly influence environmental performance. By employing a country-specific, policy-derived LCIA approach, this study effectively illustrates trade-offs between mill types, making the findings accessible to both LCA experts and non-experts. The results emphasize the importance of technological and policy interventions to promote cleaner and more sustainable palm oil production. Considering the controversy and uncertainties associated with weighting, we recommend using weighting as a supplementary tool in line with ISO 14 040 and 14 044.
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spelling doaj-art-b269095cdfac4e83b749cee21b63a91a2025-08-20T03:05:42ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability2634-45052025-01-015303501010.1088/2634-4505/adf720Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in NigeriaMohammed Engha Isah0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-1480Zhengyang Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5647-3515Kazuyo Matsubae2Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University , 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University , 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572, JapanGraduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University , 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8572, JapanLife cycle assessment (LCA) studies must present results in a clear and comparable manner to support decision-making, particularly for policymakers who often prioritize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while neglecting other environmental impacts. Decision making in favor of or against a product or it is alternatives therefore often requires weighing of environmental impacts. This study develops a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) weighting method to evaluate the environmental performance of small, semi-mechanized, and large-scale palm oil mills in Nigeria using a gate-to-gate approach. The distance-to-target ecological scarcity weighting methodology was applied across four environmental impact categories (GHG, freshwater resources, emissions to air and primary energy resources). Results indicate that semi-mechanized mills exhibit the highest overall environmental burden than smallholder and large-scale mills and accounted for 61% of the total overall single score primarily due to GHG emissions from fossil fuel combustion. Across all mill types, GHG emissions emerge as the dominant contributor to environmental degradation, underscoring the need for renewable energy integration. Sensitivity analysis highlights that policies targeting GHG emissions and freshwater use significantly influence environmental performance. By employing a country-specific, policy-derived LCIA approach, this study effectively illustrates trade-offs between mill types, making the findings accessible to both LCA experts and non-experts. The results emphasize the importance of technological and policy interventions to promote cleaner and more sustainable palm oil production. Considering the controversy and uncertainties associated with weighting, we recommend using weighting as a supplementary tool in line with ISO 14 040 and 14 044.https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adf720life cycle impact assessmentdistance-to-target weightingNigeria ecological scarcity methodenvironmental impact categoriesgovernment environmental policies
spellingShingle Mohammed Engha Isah
Zhengyang Zhang
Kazuyo Matsubae
Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
Environmental Research: Infrastructure and Sustainability
life cycle impact assessment
distance-to-target weighting
Nigeria ecological scarcity method
environmental impact categories
government environmental policies
title Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
title_full Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
title_fullStr Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
title_short Applying the distance-to-target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in Nigeria
title_sort applying the distance to target weighting methodology to assess the environmental performance of palm oil mills in nigeria
topic life cycle impact assessment
distance-to-target weighting
Nigeria ecological scarcity method
environmental impact categories
government environmental policies
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/adf720
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AT kazuyomatsubae applyingthedistancetotargetweightingmethodologytoassesstheenvironmentalperformanceofpalmoilmillsinnigeria