Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel

Abstract Background The transition from fossil-derived jet fuels to sustainable aviation fuels represents one of the most viable strategies to decarbonize air transport and mitigate CO2 emissions generated by fossil fuel combustion. In the present investigation, a catalytic hydroprocessing upgrading...

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Main Authors: Zinnabu Tassew Redda, Steffen Kadow, Mirko Barz, Abubeker Yimam, Hartmut Wesenfeld, Daniel Brennecke, Asnakech Laß-Seyoum
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-12-01
Series:Bulletin of the National Research Centre
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01282-3
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author Zinnabu Tassew Redda
Steffen Kadow
Mirko Barz
Abubeker Yimam
Hartmut Wesenfeld
Daniel Brennecke
Asnakech Laß-Seyoum
author_facet Zinnabu Tassew Redda
Steffen Kadow
Mirko Barz
Abubeker Yimam
Hartmut Wesenfeld
Daniel Brennecke
Asnakech Laß-Seyoum
author_sort Zinnabu Tassew Redda
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The transition from fossil-derived jet fuels to sustainable aviation fuels represents one of the most viable strategies to decarbonize air transport and mitigate CO2 emissions generated by fossil fuel combustion. In the present investigation, a catalytic hydroprocessing upgrading approach was used to transform Yellow Dodolla oil—one of the most prominent inedible Brassica carinata vegetable oils (indigenous to Ethiopia)—into bio-jet fuel. Methods The feedstock was upgraded to jet fuel through catalytic hydroprocessing under elevated hydrogen pressure (21 bar), varying temperatures (300 and 500 °C), and employing supported carbon-coated mesoporous and crystalline nanocatalysts (β-Mo2C/AlPO4-18, Ni3C/AlPO4-18, and WC/AlPO4-18) in a laboratory-scale continuous three-phase fixed-bed reactor system. Other variables, such as the volumetric flow rate of oil feedstock, volumetric flow rate of hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas-to-oil ratio, catalyst-to-oil ratio, liquid hourly space velocity, weight hourly space velocity, and residence time, were maintained constant throughout the experimental procedure. Subsequent to an in-depth evaluation of catalytic performance parameters (conversion, selectivity, yield, and deoxygenation rate), a detailed characterization of the liquid phase products was undertaken to explore their most significant properties. Results The analysis results demonstrated that the catalytic hydroconversion of the feedstock resulted in a conversion range of 71.57–79.76 wt.%, with the highest conversion of 79.76 wt.% achieved by Ni3C/AlPO4–18 at the maximum temperature. Moreover, the rate of deoxygenation varied from 8.08 to 11.67 wt.% at 300 °C, with nickel catalyst reaching the maximum rate, while it sharply rose to vary from 57.31 to 96.67 wt.% using molybdenum as the temperature increased to 500 °C. It was also discovered that in comparison to bio-gasoline (2.63–8.72 wt.%) and biodiesel (1.18–4.58 wt.%), bio-jet fuel (C8–C16) had noticeably higher yields (23.34–27.31 wt.%), selectivity (37–45 wt.%), and a superb hydrocarbon product distribution (C9–C16) at the maximum temperature, with WC/AlPO4-18 producing the highest yields and selectivity of jet fuel. The characterization results revealed that the hydrocracked liquid products possessed virtually identical physicochemical properties, chemical compositions, hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratios (1.90–1.92), oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratios (0.002–0.030), and gravimetric energy densities (41.35–42.89 MJ kg−1) to those of conventional jet fuels. Conclusions The conclusions of the study demonstrated that the non-food Yellow Dodolla oil was successfully hydrocracked into sustainable aviation fuel using AlPO4-18 supported metal carbide catalyst nanoparticles under the right reaction conditions and reactor system, potentially supporting the significant efforts of the aviation industry to lower its carbon footprint.
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spelling doaj-art-b26096eccfcf4268a700f0a54009afdc2025-08-20T02:57:32ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072024-12-0148112510.1186/s42269-024-01282-3Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuelZinnabu Tassew Redda0Steffen Kadow1Mirko Barz2Abubeker Yimam3Hartmut Wesenfeld4Daniel Brennecke5Asnakech Laß-Seyoum6Faculty 1, University of Applied Sciences (HTW) BerlinFaculty 1, University of Applied Sciences (HTW) BerlinFaculty 1, University of Applied Sciences (HTW) BerlinSchool of Chemical and Bio Engineering, Addis Ababa Institute of Technology, Addis Ababa University (AAU)Department II, Berlin University of Technology (BHT)Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and EnergyFaculty 1, University of Applied Sciences (HTW) BerlinAbstract Background The transition from fossil-derived jet fuels to sustainable aviation fuels represents one of the most viable strategies to decarbonize air transport and mitigate CO2 emissions generated by fossil fuel combustion. In the present investigation, a catalytic hydroprocessing upgrading approach was used to transform Yellow Dodolla oil—one of the most prominent inedible Brassica carinata vegetable oils (indigenous to Ethiopia)—into bio-jet fuel. Methods The feedstock was upgraded to jet fuel through catalytic hydroprocessing under elevated hydrogen pressure (21 bar), varying temperatures (300 and 500 °C), and employing supported carbon-coated mesoporous and crystalline nanocatalysts (β-Mo2C/AlPO4-18, Ni3C/AlPO4-18, and WC/AlPO4-18) in a laboratory-scale continuous three-phase fixed-bed reactor system. Other variables, such as the volumetric flow rate of oil feedstock, volumetric flow rate of hydrogen gas, hydrogen gas-to-oil ratio, catalyst-to-oil ratio, liquid hourly space velocity, weight hourly space velocity, and residence time, were maintained constant throughout the experimental procedure. Subsequent to an in-depth evaluation of catalytic performance parameters (conversion, selectivity, yield, and deoxygenation rate), a detailed characterization of the liquid phase products was undertaken to explore their most significant properties. Results The analysis results demonstrated that the catalytic hydroconversion of the feedstock resulted in a conversion range of 71.57–79.76 wt.%, with the highest conversion of 79.76 wt.% achieved by Ni3C/AlPO4–18 at the maximum temperature. Moreover, the rate of deoxygenation varied from 8.08 to 11.67 wt.% at 300 °C, with nickel catalyst reaching the maximum rate, while it sharply rose to vary from 57.31 to 96.67 wt.% using molybdenum as the temperature increased to 500 °C. It was also discovered that in comparison to bio-gasoline (2.63–8.72 wt.%) and biodiesel (1.18–4.58 wt.%), bio-jet fuel (C8–C16) had noticeably higher yields (23.34–27.31 wt.%), selectivity (37–45 wt.%), and a superb hydrocarbon product distribution (C9–C16) at the maximum temperature, with WC/AlPO4-18 producing the highest yields and selectivity of jet fuel. The characterization results revealed that the hydrocracked liquid products possessed virtually identical physicochemical properties, chemical compositions, hydrogen-to-carbon atomic ratios (1.90–1.92), oxygen-to-carbon atomic ratios (0.002–0.030), and gravimetric energy densities (41.35–42.89 MJ kg−1) to those of conventional jet fuels. Conclusions The conclusions of the study demonstrated that the non-food Yellow Dodolla oil was successfully hydrocracked into sustainable aviation fuel using AlPO4-18 supported metal carbide catalyst nanoparticles under the right reaction conditions and reactor system, potentially supporting the significant efforts of the aviation industry to lower its carbon footprint.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01282-3Brassica carinataVegetable oilSupported catalystFixed-bed reactorCatalytic hydrodeoxygenationCatalytic hydrocracking
spellingShingle Zinnabu Tassew Redda
Steffen Kadow
Mirko Barz
Abubeker Yimam
Hartmut Wesenfeld
Daniel Brennecke
Asnakech Laß-Seyoum
Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Brassica carinata
Vegetable oil
Supported catalyst
Fixed-bed reactor
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation
Catalytic hydrocracking
title Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
title_full Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
title_fullStr Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
title_full_unstemmed Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
title_short Catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous AlPO4-18 supported β-Mo2C, Ni3C, and WC nanoparticles to produce bio-jet fuel
title_sort catalytic hydroprocessing of yellow dodolla oil using thermally stable and mesoporous alpo4 18 supported β mo2c ni3c and wc nanoparticles to produce bio jet fuel
topic Brassica carinata
Vegetable oil
Supported catalyst
Fixed-bed reactor
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation
Catalytic hydrocracking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01282-3
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