Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression

Abstract To investigate the association between Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) in both of its clinical phenotypes (erosive and non-erosive), 33 OLP cases divided into erosive and non-erosive phenotypes, and 26 non-OLP cases were evaluated for the presence of EBV using In Situ...

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Main Authors: Suhail H. Al-Amad, Raed O. AbuOdeh, Vidhya Anish Nair, Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12095-3
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author Suhail H. Al-Amad
Raed O. AbuOdeh
Vidhya Anish Nair
Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
author_facet Suhail H. Al-Amad
Raed O. AbuOdeh
Vidhya Anish Nair
Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
author_sort Suhail H. Al-Amad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To investigate the association between Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) in both of its clinical phenotypes (erosive and non-erosive), 33 OLP cases divided into erosive and non-erosive phenotypes, and 26 non-OLP cases were evaluated for the presence of EBV using In Situ Hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess expressions of CD3, CD20, CD138 and p53 in both OLP clinical phenotypes. EBV was detected in 11 (33%) of the OLP cases and none of the non-OLP cases (p = 0.002). CD3 and CD20 were both over-expressed in all OLP cases, however CD138 was significantly over-expressed in the erosive OLP phenotype by comparison to the non-erosive one (p = 0.003), suggesting a possible role of plasma cell in erosive OLP. There was no association between EBV and CD-138, nor with erosive OLP. Interestingly however, EBV had an association with p53 expression among OLP cases (p = 0.038), inferring a role of EBV in possible neoplastic changes in OLP. There appears to be a potential role of EBV in causing at least some OLP cases, regardless of whether OLP is erosive or not. EBV might have an etiological role in causing some OLP cases. This could explain why some OLP cases are recalcitrant to corticosteroids treatment. Clinical trials are needed to establish whether EBV-infected OLP cases respond to antiviral therapy.
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spelling doaj-art-b2606ebcbba445ab97b6442c47cb23672025-08-20T03:45:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-12095-3Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expressionSuhail H. Al-Amad0Raed O. AbuOdeh1Vidhya Anish Nair2Wael M. Abdel-Rahman3Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of SharjahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of SharjahResearch Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of SharjahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of SharjahAbstract To investigate the association between Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) in both of its clinical phenotypes (erosive and non-erosive), 33 OLP cases divided into erosive and non-erosive phenotypes, and 26 non-OLP cases were evaluated for the presence of EBV using In Situ Hybridization. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess expressions of CD3, CD20, CD138 and p53 in both OLP clinical phenotypes. EBV was detected in 11 (33%) of the OLP cases and none of the non-OLP cases (p = 0.002). CD3 and CD20 were both over-expressed in all OLP cases, however CD138 was significantly over-expressed in the erosive OLP phenotype by comparison to the non-erosive one (p = 0.003), suggesting a possible role of plasma cell in erosive OLP. There was no association between EBV and CD-138, nor with erosive OLP. Interestingly however, EBV had an association with p53 expression among OLP cases (p = 0.038), inferring a role of EBV in possible neoplastic changes in OLP. There appears to be a potential role of EBV in causing at least some OLP cases, regardless of whether OLP is erosive or not. EBV might have an etiological role in causing some OLP cases. This could explain why some OLP cases are recalcitrant to corticosteroids treatment. Clinical trials are needed to establish whether EBV-infected OLP cases respond to antiviral therapy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12095-3Epstein Barr virusOral Lichen PlanusErosive lichen planusMalignant potentialp53In situ hybridization
spellingShingle Suhail H. Al-Amad
Raed O. AbuOdeh
Vidhya Anish Nair
Wael M. Abdel-Rahman
Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
Scientific Reports
Epstein Barr virus
Oral Lichen Planus
Erosive lichen planus
Malignant potential
p53
In situ hybridization
title Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
title_full Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
title_fullStr Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
title_full_unstemmed Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
title_short Association between Epstein Barr virus and Oral Lichen Planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
title_sort association between epstein barr virus and oral lichen planus clinical phenotypes and p53 expression
topic Epstein Barr virus
Oral Lichen Planus
Erosive lichen planus
Malignant potential
p53
In situ hybridization
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12095-3
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