Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool

The spindle is a critical component that significantly influences the performance of machine tools. In motorized spindles, heat generation from both the bearings and built-in motor leads to thermal deformation of structural components, which, in turn, affects machining accuracy. This study investiga...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tria Mariz Arief, Wei-Zhu Lin, Jui-Pin Hung, Muhamad Aditya Royandi, Yu-Jhang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Lubricants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/269
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850168139027841024
author Tria Mariz Arief
Wei-Zhu Lin
Jui-Pin Hung
Muhamad Aditya Royandi
Yu-Jhang Chen
author_facet Tria Mariz Arief
Wei-Zhu Lin
Jui-Pin Hung
Muhamad Aditya Royandi
Yu-Jhang Chen
author_sort Tria Mariz Arief
collection DOAJ
description The spindle is a critical component that significantly influences the performance of machine tools. In motorized spindles, heat generation from both the bearings and built-in motor leads to thermal deformation of structural components, which, in turn, affects machining accuracy. This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior of motorized spindles under various operational conditions, with the aim of accurately predicting thermally induced axial deformation and determining optimal temperature sensor placement. To achieve this, temperature rise and deformation data were simultaneously collected using appropriate data acquisition systems across varying spindle speeds. A correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive relationship exceeding 97.5% between temperature rise at all sensor locations and axial thermal deformation. Multivariate regression analysis was then applied to identify optimal combinations of sensor data for accurate deformation prediction. Additionally, a finite element (FE) thermal–mechanical model was developed to simulate spindle behavior, with the results validated against experimental measurements and regression model predictions. The four-variable regression model and FE simulation achieved Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) of 0.84 µm and 0.82 µm, respectively, both demonstrating close agreement with experimental data and effectively capturing the trend of thermal deformation over time under different operating conditions. Finally, an optimal sensor configuration was identified that minimizes pre-diction error while reducing the number of required sensors. Overall, the proposed methodology offers valuable insights for optimizing spindle design to enhance thermal–mechanical performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-b26011d0757f4697994157963cfde47f
institution OA Journals
issn 2075-4442
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Lubricants
spelling doaj-art-b26011d0757f4697994157963cfde47f2025-08-20T02:21:03ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422025-06-0113626910.3390/lubricants13060269Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle ToolTria Mariz Arief0Wei-Zhu Lin1Jui-Pin Hung2Muhamad Aditya Royandi3Yu-Jhang Chen4Mechanical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung 40559, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanDepartment of Manufacturing Design Engineering, Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung, Bandung 40135, IndonesiaGraduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411030, TaiwanThe spindle is a critical component that significantly influences the performance of machine tools. In motorized spindles, heat generation from both the bearings and built-in motor leads to thermal deformation of structural components, which, in turn, affects machining accuracy. This study investigates the thermo-mechanical behavior of motorized spindles under various operational conditions, with the aim of accurately predicting thermally induced axial deformation and determining optimal temperature sensor placement. To achieve this, temperature rise and deformation data were simultaneously collected using appropriate data acquisition systems across varying spindle speeds. A correlation analysis confirmed a strong positive relationship exceeding 97.5% between temperature rise at all sensor locations and axial thermal deformation. Multivariate regression analysis was then applied to identify optimal combinations of sensor data for accurate deformation prediction. Additionally, a finite element (FE) thermal–mechanical model was developed to simulate spindle behavior, with the results validated against experimental measurements and regression model predictions. The four-variable regression model and FE simulation achieved Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) of 0.84 µm and 0.82 µm, respectively, both demonstrating close agreement with experimental data and effectively capturing the trend of thermal deformation over time under different operating conditions. Finally, an optimal sensor configuration was identified that minimizes pre-diction error while reducing the number of required sensors. Overall, the proposed methodology offers valuable insights for optimizing spindle design to enhance thermal–mechanical performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/269motorized spindlemultivariate regression analysisthermal deformationthermal-mechanical behavior
spellingShingle Tria Mariz Arief
Wei-Zhu Lin
Jui-Pin Hung
Muhamad Aditya Royandi
Yu-Jhang Chen
Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
Lubricants
motorized spindle
multivariate regression analysis
thermal deformation
thermal-mechanical behavior
title Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
title_full Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
title_fullStr Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
title_short Monitoring and Prediction of the Real-Time Transient Thermal Mechanical Behaviors of a Motorized Spindle Tool
title_sort monitoring and prediction of the real time transient thermal mechanical behaviors of a motorized spindle tool
topic motorized spindle
multivariate regression analysis
thermal deformation
thermal-mechanical behavior
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/6/269
work_keys_str_mv AT triamarizarief monitoringandpredictionoftherealtimetransientthermalmechanicalbehaviorsofamotorizedspindletool
AT weizhulin monitoringandpredictionoftherealtimetransientthermalmechanicalbehaviorsofamotorizedspindletool
AT juipinhung monitoringandpredictionoftherealtimetransientthermalmechanicalbehaviorsofamotorizedspindletool
AT muhamadadityaroyandi monitoringandpredictionoftherealtimetransientthermalmechanicalbehaviorsofamotorizedspindletool
AT yujhangchen monitoringandpredictionoftherealtimetransientthermalmechanicalbehaviorsofamotorizedspindletool