Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress
Carbon-based aerogels have garnered significant attention for CO<sub>2</sub> capture owing to their low-cost precursors, tunable structures, and high porosity. Their performance in CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption is intricately linked to their microstructural and textural features,...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Shakila Parveen Asrafali Thirukumaran Periyasamy Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari |
| author_facet | Shakila Parveen Asrafali Thirukumaran Periyasamy Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari |
| author_sort | Shakila Parveen Asrafali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon-based aerogels have garnered significant attention for CO<sub>2</sub> capture owing to their low-cost precursors, tunable structures, and high porosity. Their performance in CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption is intricately linked to their microstructural and textural features, including pore size distribution, surface area, and surface chemistry. Micropores (<2 nm) are particularly effective due to their size compatibility with CO<sub>2</sub> molecules, while surface functional groups enhance adsorption through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Strategic design approaches have focused on tailoring these properties to optimize CO<sub>2</sub> uptake under realistic conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the structural engineering of carbon aerogels, emphasizing the role of hierarchical porosity and heteroatom doping (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.) in enhancing adsorption capacity and selectivity. Experimental and theoretical studies have highlighted how the synergistic control of microstructure and surface chemistry leads to superior adsorption performance. Furthermore, this review identifies current challenges, such as limited structural stability and insufficient mechanistic understanding, which hinder further progress. Future research directions are proposed, including advanced pore architecture control, functional group engineering, and the integration of in situ characterization techniques. Overall, this review serves as a guide for the rational design of next-generation carbon-based aerogels tailored for efficient and scalable CO<sub>2</sub> capture technologies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b2521ae9e82a4e6e8af146eca2477a3a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj-art-b2521ae9e82a4e6e8af146eca2477a3a2025-08-20T01:56:28ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-05-0111536110.3390/gels11050361Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological ProgressShakila Parveen Asrafali0Thirukumaran Periyasamy1Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari2Department of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Fiber System Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaCarbon-based aerogels have garnered significant attention for CO<sub>2</sub> capture owing to their low-cost precursors, tunable structures, and high porosity. Their performance in CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption is intricately linked to their microstructural and textural features, including pore size distribution, surface area, and surface chemistry. Micropores (<2 nm) are particularly effective due to their size compatibility with CO<sub>2</sub> molecules, while surface functional groups enhance adsorption through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Strategic design approaches have focused on tailoring these properties to optimize CO<sub>2</sub> uptake under realistic conditions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the structural engineering of carbon aerogels, emphasizing the role of hierarchical porosity and heteroatom doping (nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, etc.) in enhancing adsorption capacity and selectivity. Experimental and theoretical studies have highlighted how the synergistic control of microstructure and surface chemistry leads to superior adsorption performance. Furthermore, this review identifies current challenges, such as limited structural stability and insufficient mechanistic understanding, which hinder further progress. Future research directions are proposed, including advanced pore architecture control, functional group engineering, and the integration of in situ characterization techniques. Overall, this review serves as a guide for the rational design of next-generation carbon-based aerogels tailored for efficient and scalable CO<sub>2</sub> capture technologies.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/5/361aerogelcarbonmicrostructureporous carbonCO<sub>2</sub> capture |
| spellingShingle | Shakila Parveen Asrafali Thirukumaran Periyasamy Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress Gels aerogel carbon microstructure porous carbon CO<sub>2</sub> capture |
| title | Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress |
| title_full | Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress |
| title_short | Advances in Carbon-Based Aerogels for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture: Fundamental Design Strategies and Technological Progress |
| title_sort | advances in carbon based aerogels for co sub 2 sub capture fundamental design strategies and technological progress |
| topic | aerogel carbon microstructure porous carbon CO<sub>2</sub> capture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/5/361 |
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