Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
The morphological characters of Southeast Asia’s indigenous <i>Peperomia</i> species are very similar, especially in their flower structures. The flowers are simple, hermaphrodite and lack a perianth. Therefore, many species are hard to distinguish using morphological characters alone. H...
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2024-09-01
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| author | Yutthana Banchong Theerachart Leepasert Pakawat Jarupund Trevor R. Hodkinson Fabio Boylan Chalermpol Suwanphakdee |
| author_facet | Yutthana Banchong Theerachart Leepasert Pakawat Jarupund Trevor R. Hodkinson Fabio Boylan Chalermpol Suwanphakdee |
| author_sort | Yutthana Banchong |
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| description | The morphological characters of Southeast Asia’s indigenous <i>Peperomia</i> species are very similar, especially in their flower structures. The flowers are simple, hermaphrodite and lack a perianth. Therefore, many species are hard to distinguish using morphological characters alone. Here, we apply chemometric data for species identification and classification, gathered using multiwavelength detection combined with the colour scale High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting procedure and chemical compounds determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Fourteen taxa were investigated using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent extractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used with the colour scale fingerprints to classify the <i>Peperomia</i> species. The PCA and HCA using the chromatogram profile from hexane divided the taxa into six groups compared to the profile from ethyl acetate and ethanol, which each detected seven groups. The chromatogram from the combined dataset of all three solvents can differentiate all the species. The GC-MS data detected a total of 40 compounds from the hexane extract, and these differed among <i>Peperomia</i> species. This approach based on HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis can therefore be used as a tool for authentication and identification studies of <i>Peperomia</i> species. |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b24d4e5aab5b425482417a977e4cc5582025-08-20T01:47:37ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-09-011319275110.3390/plants13192751Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass SpectrometryYutthana Banchong0Theerachart Leepasert1Pakawat Jarupund2Trevor R. Hodkinson3Fabio Boylan4Chalermpol Suwanphakdee5Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandNational Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandBotany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, IrelandSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin 2, IrelandDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandThe morphological characters of Southeast Asia’s indigenous <i>Peperomia</i> species are very similar, especially in their flower structures. The flowers are simple, hermaphrodite and lack a perianth. Therefore, many species are hard to distinguish using morphological characters alone. Here, we apply chemometric data for species identification and classification, gathered using multiwavelength detection combined with the colour scale High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting procedure and chemical compounds determined by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Fourteen taxa were investigated using hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol solvent extractions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used with the colour scale fingerprints to classify the <i>Peperomia</i> species. The PCA and HCA using the chromatogram profile from hexane divided the taxa into six groups compared to the profile from ethyl acetate and ethanol, which each detected seven groups. The chromatogram from the combined dataset of all three solvents can differentiate all the species. The GC-MS data detected a total of 40 compounds from the hexane extract, and these differed among <i>Peperomia</i> species. This approach based on HPTLC fingerprinting and GC-MS analysis can therefore be used as a tool for authentication and identification studies of <i>Peperomia</i> species.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2751chemometricchromatogramimage analysistropical plantsHPTLCGC-MS |
| spellingShingle | Yutthana Banchong Theerachart Leepasert Pakawat Jarupund Trevor R. Hodkinson Fabio Boylan Chalermpol Suwanphakdee Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Plants chemometric chromatogram image analysis tropical plants HPTLC GC-MS |
| title | Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Chemotaxonomy of Southeast Asian <i>Peperomia</i> (Piperaceae) Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Colour Scale Fingerprint Imaging and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | chemotaxonomy of southeast asian i peperomia i piperaceae using high performance thin layer chromatography colour scale fingerprint imaging and gas chromatography mass spectrometry |
| topic | chemometric chromatogram image analysis tropical plants HPTLC GC-MS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2751 |
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