IFN-<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Maintains Immune Tolerance by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization via Modulation of Bta-miR-30b-5p in Early Uterine Pregnancy in Dairy Cows
Pregnancy failure in the first trimester of cows significantly impacts the efficiency of the dairy industry. As a type I interferon exclusively to ruminants, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mro...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/2/87 |
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| Summary: | Pregnancy failure in the first trimester of cows significantly impacts the efficiency of the dairy industry. As a type I interferon exclusively to ruminants, IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> plays a key role in maternal recognition and immune tolerance of fetuses. Macrophages are the most common immune cells within the ruminant endometrium. Nevertheless, deeply analyzing the mechanisms of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> regulating macrophage polarization still needs further study. In this study, a notable decline of bta-miR-30b-5p expression via the increase of SOCS1 was observed in uterine tissues of pregnant cows. We then confirmed that the 3′UTR of SOCS1 was to be directly targeted by bta-miR-30b-5p. After that, we demonstrated that this obviously promoted the bovine macrophages (BoMac) polarized to M2 through enhancing SOCS1 expression with the treatment of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, we found that SOCS1 restrained the expression of the key proteins p65 and p-P65 in the NF-κB pathway. Causing, the wide range of cross-species activities of IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, therefore we established a pregnant mouse model for the future confirmation of the above mechanism. The results verified that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> significantly improved this mechanism and maintained normal pregnancy status in mice, but miR-30b-5p significantly reduced the M2 polarization by inhibiting SOCS1, which activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and then leading to the failure of embryo implantation. All these results indicated that IFN-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>τ</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> can regulate immune tolerance during pregnancy by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through inhibiting bta-miR-30b-5p targeting SOCS1 to deactivate the NF-κB signaling pathway. |
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| ISSN: | 2073-4409 |