Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules

Ferrocene (Fc) has long been celebrated for its remarkable redox properties and structural versatility, making it a cornerstone of electrochemical sensor development. While extensive research has focused on cation detection using Fc-based systems, the equally critical recognition of neutral and anio...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Angel A. J. Torriero, Alma M. Torriero, Kiara T. Miller, Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Inorganics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/1/3
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1832588367378776064
author Angel A. J. Torriero
Alma M. Torriero
Kiara T. Miller
Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya
author_facet Angel A. J. Torriero
Alma M. Torriero
Kiara T. Miller
Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya
author_sort Angel A. J. Torriero
collection DOAJ
description Ferrocene (Fc) has long been celebrated for its remarkable redox properties and structural versatility, making it a cornerstone of electrochemical sensor development. While extensive research has focused on cation detection using Fc-based systems, the equally critical recognition of neutral and anionic molecules remains underexplored despite their significance in biological, environmental, and industrial contexts. This review addresses this gap by exploring the latest advancements in Fc-based electrochemical sensors designed to overcome the unique challenges posed by these species—including diverse geometries, high hydration enthalpies, and the absence of formal charge. Molecular architectures such as amide-functionalised receptors, urea derivatives, Lewis acid-containing receptors, triazolium, and carboxylic acid-containing systems are examined, highlighting how these sensors achieve high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the influence of solvent environments on sensor performance is discussed, providing a critical analysis of how different receptor functionalities and solvents affect sensor behaviour. Emphasising the advantages of redox-based detection, this review aims to inspire further innovation in developing Fc-based technologies for detecting neutral and anionic species.
format Article
id doaj-art-b219d75f985345139c698861f01275d2
institution Kabale University
issn 2304-6740
language English
publishDate 2024-12-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Inorganics
spelling doaj-art-b219d75f985345139c698861f01275d22025-01-24T13:35:27ZengMDPI AGInorganics2304-67402024-12-01131310.3390/inorganics13010003Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic MoleculesAngel A. J. Torriero0Alma M. Torriero1Kiara T. Miller2Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya3School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, AustraliaFerrocene (Fc) has long been celebrated for its remarkable redox properties and structural versatility, making it a cornerstone of electrochemical sensor development. While extensive research has focused on cation detection using Fc-based systems, the equally critical recognition of neutral and anionic molecules remains underexplored despite their significance in biological, environmental, and industrial contexts. This review addresses this gap by exploring the latest advancements in Fc-based electrochemical sensors designed to overcome the unique challenges posed by these species—including diverse geometries, high hydration enthalpies, and the absence of formal charge. Molecular architectures such as amide-functionalised receptors, urea derivatives, Lewis acid-containing receptors, triazolium, and carboxylic acid-containing systems are examined, highlighting how these sensors achieve high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, the influence of solvent environments on sensor performance is discussed, providing a critical analysis of how different receptor functionalities and solvents affect sensor behaviour. Emphasising the advantages of redox-based detection, this review aims to inspire further innovation in developing Fc-based technologies for detecting neutral and anionic species.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/1/3ferrocene-based sensorselectrochemical sensinganion recognitionneutral molecule detectionredox-active receptors
spellingShingle Angel A. J. Torriero
Alma M. Torriero
Kiara T. Miller
Ashwin K. V. Mruthunjaya
Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
Inorganics
ferrocene-based sensors
electrochemical sensing
anion recognition
neutral molecule detection
redox-active receptors
title Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
title_full Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
title_fullStr Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
title_full_unstemmed Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
title_short Beyond Cations: Expanding the Horizons of Ferrocene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Neutral and Anionic Molecules
title_sort beyond cations expanding the horizons of ferrocene based electrochemical sensors for neutral and anionic molecules
topic ferrocene-based sensors
electrochemical sensing
anion recognition
neutral molecule detection
redox-active receptors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6740/13/1/3
work_keys_str_mv AT angelajtorriero beyondcationsexpandingthehorizonsofferrocenebasedelectrochemicalsensorsforneutralandanionicmolecules
AT almamtorriero beyondcationsexpandingthehorizonsofferrocenebasedelectrochemicalsensorsforneutralandanionicmolecules
AT kiaratmiller beyondcationsexpandingthehorizonsofferrocenebasedelectrochemicalsensorsforneutralandanionicmolecules
AT ashwinkvmruthunjaya beyondcationsexpandingthehorizonsofferrocenebasedelectrochemicalsensorsforneutralandanionicmolecules