The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia

Background: Restenosis poses a significant challenge for individuals afflicted with peripheral artery diseases, often leading to considerable morbidity and necessitating repeated interventions. The primary culprit behind the pathogenesis of restenosis is intimal hyperplasia (IH), in which the hyperp...

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Main Authors: Amy L. Lu, Li Yin, PhD, Yitao Huang, BS, Zain Husain Islam, Rohan Kanchetty, Campbell Johnston, Kaijie Zhang, MD, Xiujie Xie, PhD, Ki Ho Park, PhD, Charles E. Chalfant, PhD, Bowen Wang, PhD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:JVS - Vascular Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666350324000257
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author Amy L. Lu
Li Yin, PhD
Yitao Huang, BS
Zain Husain Islam
Rohan Kanchetty
Campbell Johnston
Kaijie Zhang, MD
Xiujie Xie, PhD
Ki Ho Park, PhD
Charles E. Chalfant, PhD
Bowen Wang, PhD
author_facet Amy L. Lu
Li Yin, PhD
Yitao Huang, BS
Zain Husain Islam
Rohan Kanchetty
Campbell Johnston
Kaijie Zhang, MD
Xiujie Xie, PhD
Ki Ho Park, PhD
Charles E. Chalfant, PhD
Bowen Wang, PhD
author_sort Amy L. Lu
collection DOAJ
description Background: Restenosis poses a significant challenge for individuals afflicted with peripheral artery diseases, often leading to considerable morbidity and necessitating repeated interventions. The primary culprit behind the pathogenesis of restenosis is intimal hyperplasia (IH), in which the hyperproliferative and migratory vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulate excessively in the tunica intima. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), sometimes referred to as PGD, is one of the critical enzymes in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, we sought to probe whether 6PGD is aberrantly regulated in IH and contributes to VSMC phenotypic switching. Methods: We used clinical specimens of diseased human coronary arteries with IH lesions and observed robust upregulation of 6PGD at protein level in both the medial and intimal layers in comparison with healthy arterial segments. Results: 6PGD activity and protein expression were profoundly stimulated upon platelet-derived growth factor-induced VSMC phenotypic switching. Using gain-of-function (dCas9-mediated transcriptional activation) and loss-of-function (small interfering RNA-mediated) silencing, we were able to demonstrate the pathogenic role of 6PGD in driving VSMC hyperproliferation, migration, dedifferentiation, and inflammation. Finally, we conducted a rat model of balloon angioplasty in the common carotid artery, with Pluronic hydrogel-assisted perivascular delivery of Physcion, a selective 6PGD inhibitor with poor systemic bioavailability, and observed effective mitigation of IH. Conclusions: We contend that aberrant 6PGD expression and activity—indicative of a metabolic shift toward pentose phosphate pathway—could serve as a new disease-driving mechanism and, hence, an actionable target for the development of effective new therapies for IH and restenosis after endovascular interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-b2148e7a23114b61bcc2303d6ebfd0c02025-08-20T02:35:29ZengElsevierJVS - Vascular Science2666-35032024-01-01510021410.1016/j.jvssci.2024.100214The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasiaAmy L. Lu0Li Yin, PhD1Yitao Huang, BS2Zain Husain Islam3Rohan Kanchetty4Campbell Johnston5Kaijie Zhang, MD6Xiujie Xie, PhD7Ki Ho Park, PhD8Charles E. Chalfant, PhD9Bowen Wang, PhD10Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, ILDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Vascular Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, ILDivision of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VADivision of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Research Service, Richmond Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VADepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; Correspondence: Bowen Wang, PhD, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E Superior 2-709, Chicago, IL 60611Background: Restenosis poses a significant challenge for individuals afflicted with peripheral artery diseases, often leading to considerable morbidity and necessitating repeated interventions. The primary culprit behind the pathogenesis of restenosis is intimal hyperplasia (IH), in which the hyperproliferative and migratory vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulate excessively in the tunica intima. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), sometimes referred to as PGD, is one of the critical enzymes in pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). In this study, we sought to probe whether 6PGD is aberrantly regulated in IH and contributes to VSMC phenotypic switching. Methods: We used clinical specimens of diseased human coronary arteries with IH lesions and observed robust upregulation of 6PGD at protein level in both the medial and intimal layers in comparison with healthy arterial segments. Results: 6PGD activity and protein expression were profoundly stimulated upon platelet-derived growth factor-induced VSMC phenotypic switching. Using gain-of-function (dCas9-mediated transcriptional activation) and loss-of-function (small interfering RNA-mediated) silencing, we were able to demonstrate the pathogenic role of 6PGD in driving VSMC hyperproliferation, migration, dedifferentiation, and inflammation. Finally, we conducted a rat model of balloon angioplasty in the common carotid artery, with Pluronic hydrogel-assisted perivascular delivery of Physcion, a selective 6PGD inhibitor with poor systemic bioavailability, and observed effective mitigation of IH. Conclusions: We contend that aberrant 6PGD expression and activity—indicative of a metabolic shift toward pentose phosphate pathway—could serve as a new disease-driving mechanism and, hence, an actionable target for the development of effective new therapies for IH and restenosis after endovascular interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666350324000257RestenosisIntimal hyperplasiaSmooth muscle cellPeripheral vascular diseasePentose phosphate pathway
spellingShingle Amy L. Lu
Li Yin, PhD
Yitao Huang, BS
Zain Husain Islam
Rohan Kanchetty
Campbell Johnston
Kaijie Zhang, MD
Xiujie Xie, PhD
Ki Ho Park, PhD
Charles E. Chalfant, PhD
Bowen Wang, PhD
The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
JVS - Vascular Science
Restenosis
Intimal hyperplasia
Smooth muscle cell
Peripheral vascular disease
Pentose phosphate pathway
title The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
title_full The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
title_fullStr The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
title_full_unstemmed The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
title_short The role of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty-induced intimal hyperplasia
title_sort role of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching and angioplasty induced intimal hyperplasia
topic Restenosis
Intimal hyperplasia
Smooth muscle cell
Peripheral vascular disease
Pentose phosphate pathway
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666350324000257
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