Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer
IntroductionFree-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a self-sustaining reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in northeastern lower Michigan, (United States) continually putting the area’s cattle industry at risk. Liberal recreational deer harvest, baiting bans, and mitigation me...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1548627/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823861054206115840 |
|---|---|
| author | Kurt VerCauteren Abigail Feuka Michael Lavelle Michael Glow Keely Kohen Patrick Ryan Tony Aderman Anthony Duffiney Mitchell Palmer Paola M. Boggiatto Carly Kanipe Hayden Hamby Emily Ruell Melinda Cosgrove Michael Vanderklok Nathan Snow Kim M. Pepin Henry Campa |
| author_facet | Kurt VerCauteren Abigail Feuka Michael Lavelle Michael Glow Keely Kohen Patrick Ryan Tony Aderman Anthony Duffiney Mitchell Palmer Paola M. Boggiatto Carly Kanipe Hayden Hamby Emily Ruell Melinda Cosgrove Michael Vanderklok Nathan Snow Kim M. Pepin Henry Campa |
| author_sort | Kurt VerCauteren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionFree-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a self-sustaining reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in northeastern lower Michigan, (United States) continually putting the area’s cattle industry at risk. Liberal recreational deer harvest, baiting bans, and mitigation measures on farms have reduced but not eliminated bTB in deer nor have they eliminated transmission to cattle. With apparent prevalence in deer being low (1–2%) but constant, vaccination could be an additional tool to aid in addressing the problem and merits investigation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a widely used human vaccine for tuberculosis that has also been well studied in domestic livestock and wildlife. It is the primary vaccine candidate, and oral delivery is the logical means for delivering it to free-ranging deer, although this has never previously been attempted.Materials and methodsBuilding off methods and strategies developed for vaccinating deer, we incorporated BCG vaccine into vaccine delivery units (DUs), consisting of a food-based matrix. We deployed DUs at sites in Michigan with a historically high prevalence of bTB. At each site, 100 DUs were placed systematically 2.5-m apart on 50-m x 10-m grids and monitored with still and video cameras. Consumption, still images, and video data were analyzed to assess uptake of vaccine DUs by deer.Results and discussionVaccine DUs were deployed in 2024 at 11 agricultural sites on private land which had previously demonstrated moderate to high deer activity and at all but two sites >50% of distributed vaccine DU’s were consumed, with 100% consumed at two sites. Deer learned to seek out and consume vaccine DU’s in just 1 to 3 days, with individuals often eating more than the 1 or 2 needed to vaccinate themselves. This high level of consumption was in spite of an exceptionally warm and dry winter, where deer were less food stressed than usual. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b213df3e213440138dc6a7ddafecb03a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-b213df3e213440138dc6a7ddafecb03a2025-02-10T06:48:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-02-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15486271548627Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deerKurt VerCauteren0Abigail Feuka1Michael Lavelle2Michael Glow3Keely Kohen4Patrick Ryan5Tony Aderman6Anthony Duffiney7Mitchell Palmer8Paola M. Boggiatto9Carly Kanipe10Hayden Hamby11Emily Ruell12Melinda Cosgrove13Michael Vanderklok14Nathan Snow15Kim M. Pepin16Henry Campa17United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Gaylord, MI, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Gaylord, MI, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Gaylord, MI, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesMichigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Wildlife Health Section, Lansing, MI, United StatesAnimal Industry Division, Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Lansing, MI, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesUnited States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesIntroductionFree-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a self-sustaining reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in northeastern lower Michigan, (United States) continually putting the area’s cattle industry at risk. Liberal recreational deer harvest, baiting bans, and mitigation measures on farms have reduced but not eliminated bTB in deer nor have they eliminated transmission to cattle. With apparent prevalence in deer being low (1–2%) but constant, vaccination could be an additional tool to aid in addressing the problem and merits investigation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a widely used human vaccine for tuberculosis that has also been well studied in domestic livestock and wildlife. It is the primary vaccine candidate, and oral delivery is the logical means for delivering it to free-ranging deer, although this has never previously been attempted.Materials and methodsBuilding off methods and strategies developed for vaccinating deer, we incorporated BCG vaccine into vaccine delivery units (DUs), consisting of a food-based matrix. We deployed DUs at sites in Michigan with a historically high prevalence of bTB. At each site, 100 DUs were placed systematically 2.5-m apart on 50-m x 10-m grids and monitored with still and video cameras. Consumption, still images, and video data were analyzed to assess uptake of vaccine DUs by deer.Results and discussionVaccine DUs were deployed in 2024 at 11 agricultural sites on private land which had previously demonstrated moderate to high deer activity and at all but two sites >50% of distributed vaccine DU’s were consumed, with 100% consumed at two sites. Deer learned to seek out and consume vaccine DU’s in just 1 to 3 days, with individuals often eating more than the 1 or 2 needed to vaccinate themselves. This high level of consumption was in spite of an exceptionally warm and dry winter, where deer were less food stressed than usual.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1548627/fullBCGbovine tuberculosisdiseaseOdocoileus virginianusoralvaccine |
| spellingShingle | Kurt VerCauteren Abigail Feuka Michael Lavelle Michael Glow Keely Kohen Patrick Ryan Tony Aderman Anthony Duffiney Mitchell Palmer Paola M. Boggiatto Carly Kanipe Hayden Hamby Emily Ruell Melinda Cosgrove Michael Vanderklok Nathan Snow Kim M. Pepin Henry Campa Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer Frontiers in Veterinary Science BCG bovine tuberculosis disease Odocoileus virginianus oral vaccine |
| title | Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer |
| title_full | Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer |
| title_fullStr | Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer |
| title_short | Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer |
| title_sort | oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free ranging white tailed deer |
| topic | BCG bovine tuberculosis disease Odocoileus virginianus oral vaccine |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1548627/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kurtvercauteren oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT abigailfeuka oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT michaellavelle oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT michaelglow oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT keelykohen oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT patrickryan oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT tonyaderman oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT anthonyduffiney oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT mitchellpalmer oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT paolamboggiatto oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT carlykanipe oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT haydenhamby oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT emilyruell oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT melindacosgrove oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT michaelvanderklok oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT nathansnow oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT kimmpepin oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer AT henrycampa oraldeliveryofbovinetuberculosisvaccinetofreerangingwhitetaileddeer |