The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak

Abstract Soil salinization becomes serious under climate change and human activities. Although the residue decomposition contributes lots to soil carbon storage and fertility, the decomposition process and microbial mechanisms on saline-alkali soils are still vague facing climate change. We measured...

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Main Authors: Fan Huang, Wan Zhang, Lihua Xue, Bahar Razavi, Kazem Zamanian, Xiaoning Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-01-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81292-3
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author Fan Huang
Wan Zhang
Lihua Xue
Bahar Razavi
Kazem Zamanian
Xiaoning Zhao
author_facet Fan Huang
Wan Zhang
Lihua Xue
Bahar Razavi
Kazem Zamanian
Xiaoning Zhao
author_sort Fan Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Soil salinization becomes serious under climate change and human activities. Although the residue decomposition contributes lots to soil carbon storage and fertility, the decomposition process and microbial mechanisms on saline-alkali soils are still vague facing climate change. We measured the mass loss of residue (0, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days), CO2 emission (every two days), and the microbial community structure (0, 4, 15 and 90 days) by using the litter bag method, gas chromatography and high-throughput sequencing technology during the residue decomposition (90 days) in a saline-alkali soil from the Tarim River Basin, China under various temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C) and soil moisture levels (20%, 40%, 60% water holding capacity). The decomposition stage consisted of fast (0–15 days) and slow periods (15–90 days). Using the double exponential equation, the decomposition rates of labile and recalcitrant components, the labile component and cumulative CO2 emissions increased faster with increased moisture than with temperature. The Q10 was greater at 15–25 °C than at 25–35 °C, which increased with the increased soil moisture in the leaf but with decreased soil moisture in the stem at 15–25 °C. Proteobacteria increased from 0 to 15 days on leaves (25–43%) and stems (25–29%) and showed no changes thereafter. Proteobacteria increased with increased soil moisture but decreased temperature. Actinomycetes was the opposite and more abundant on the stem than on the leaf. Bacteroidetes increased after 15 days and increased with increased soil moisture. Firmicutes were the main bacterial groups at 0–15 days, but decreased at 15–90 days (leaf: 44 − 15%, stem: 49 − 13%). In conclusion, warming, especially 15–25 °C, contributes to the decomposition of stems and wetting, especially 20-40% WHC, contributes to that of leaves within the first 15 days, afterwards wetting played an important role. Our results could also provide the adopting strategies for residue return to increase the soil carbon content while decreasing CO2 emissions facing climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-b2092075b6fa4febb42043c5ca229caf2025-01-19T12:18:37ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-024-81292-3The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a SolonchakFan Huang0Wan Zhang1Lihua Xue2Bahar Razavi3Kazem Zamanian4Xiaoning Zhao5College of Tourism and Aviation Management, Hunan Women’s UniversityCollege of Tourism and Aviation Management, Hunan Women’s UniversityInstitute of Grain Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesDepartment of Soil-Plant-Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, University of KielInstitute of Earth System Sciences, Section Soil Science, Leibniz University of HannoverShaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of TechnologyAbstract Soil salinization becomes serious under climate change and human activities. Although the residue decomposition contributes lots to soil carbon storage and fertility, the decomposition process and microbial mechanisms on saline-alkali soils are still vague facing climate change. We measured the mass loss of residue (0, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days), CO2 emission (every two days), and the microbial community structure (0, 4, 15 and 90 days) by using the litter bag method, gas chromatography and high-throughput sequencing technology during the residue decomposition (90 days) in a saline-alkali soil from the Tarim River Basin, China under various temperatures (15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C) and soil moisture levels (20%, 40%, 60% water holding capacity). The decomposition stage consisted of fast (0–15 days) and slow periods (15–90 days). Using the double exponential equation, the decomposition rates of labile and recalcitrant components, the labile component and cumulative CO2 emissions increased faster with increased moisture than with temperature. The Q10 was greater at 15–25 °C than at 25–35 °C, which increased with the increased soil moisture in the leaf but with decreased soil moisture in the stem at 15–25 °C. Proteobacteria increased from 0 to 15 days on leaves (25–43%) and stems (25–29%) and showed no changes thereafter. Proteobacteria increased with increased soil moisture but decreased temperature. Actinomycetes was the opposite and more abundant on the stem than on the leaf. Bacteroidetes increased after 15 days and increased with increased soil moisture. Firmicutes were the main bacterial groups at 0–15 days, but decreased at 15–90 days (leaf: 44 − 15%, stem: 49 − 13%). In conclusion, warming, especially 15–25 °C, contributes to the decomposition of stems and wetting, especially 20-40% WHC, contributes to that of leaves within the first 15 days, afterwards wetting played an important role. Our results could also provide the adopting strategies for residue return to increase the soil carbon content while decreasing CO2 emissions facing climate change.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81292-3CO2 emissionMaize residue decomposition rateMicroorganismsResidue returning strategiesSoil moistureTemperature
spellingShingle Fan Huang
Wan Zhang
Lihua Xue
Bahar Razavi
Kazem Zamanian
Xiaoning Zhao
The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
Scientific Reports
CO2 emission
Maize residue decomposition rate
Microorganisms
Residue returning strategies
Soil moisture
Temperature
title The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
title_full The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
title_fullStr The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
title_full_unstemmed The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
title_short The microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a Solonchak
title_sort microbial mechanism of maize residue decomposition under different temperature and moisture regimes in a solonchak
topic CO2 emission
Maize residue decomposition rate
Microorganisms
Residue returning strategies
Soil moisture
Temperature
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81292-3
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