Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz
This study investigated a site-specific approach to building entry loss to enable robust mobile wireless access for non-terrestrial networks using high-altitude platform stations and highly efficient fixed wireless access for terrestrial networks. In this study, outdoor-to-indoor propagation measure...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980286/ |
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| author | Shoma Tanaka Sho Kimura Ho-Yu Lin Akihiro Sato Hideki Omote |
| author_facet | Shoma Tanaka Sho Kimura Ho-Yu Lin Akihiro Sato Hideki Omote |
| author_sort | Shoma Tanaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated a site-specific approach to building entry loss to enable robust mobile wireless access for non-terrestrial networks using high-altitude platform stations and highly efficient fixed wireless access for terrestrial networks. In this study, outdoor-to-indoor propagation measurements were conducted in two distinct high-rise office buildings. These measurements considered various incident elevation and azimuth angles relative to the building façade and different indoor antenna locations. One set of measurements was performed using a helicopter at 1.47 GHz and 3.35 GHz, and the other set of measurements was conducted along a terrestrial path at 3.35 GHz and 29.3 GHz. Based on the obtained measurement results and geometrical optics theory, we analyzed the site-specific building entry loss, observing the nonmonotonic characteristics with the indoor entry distance. Based on the results, we propose a model that incorporates various parameters, e.g., the locations of the outdoor and indoor stations, as well as the dimensions of the building rooms and windows. Compared with standardized frameworks and existing models, the proposed model effectively characterized the site-specific building entry loss and demonstrated higher predictive accuracy on measured data for frequencies from 1 to 30 GHz. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b202abfd1bd549bb938524d12cd276ec |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-b202abfd1bd549bb938524d12cd276ec2025-08-20T03:49:22ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113813658137610.1109/ACCESS.2025.356573210980286Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHzShoma Tanaka0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9327-5494Sho Kimura1Ho-Yu Lin2https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8738-5825Akihiro Sato3Hideki Omote4Technology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, JapanTechnology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, JapanTechnology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, JapanTechnology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, JapanTechnology Research Laboratory, SoftBank Corporation, Tokyo, JapanThis study investigated a site-specific approach to building entry loss to enable robust mobile wireless access for non-terrestrial networks using high-altitude platform stations and highly efficient fixed wireless access for terrestrial networks. In this study, outdoor-to-indoor propagation measurements were conducted in two distinct high-rise office buildings. These measurements considered various incident elevation and azimuth angles relative to the building façade and different indoor antenna locations. One set of measurements was performed using a helicopter at 1.47 GHz and 3.35 GHz, and the other set of measurements was conducted along a terrestrial path at 3.35 GHz and 29.3 GHz. Based on the obtained measurement results and geometrical optics theory, we analyzed the site-specific building entry loss, observing the nonmonotonic characteristics with the indoor entry distance. Based on the results, we propose a model that incorporates various parameters, e.g., the locations of the outdoor and indoor stations, as well as the dimensions of the building rooms and windows. Compared with standardized frameworks and existing models, the proposed model effectively characterized the site-specific building entry loss and demonstrated higher predictive accuracy on measured data for frequencies from 1 to 30 GHz.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980286/Building entry losshigh-altitude platform stationmeasurementmillimeter-wavemodelingoutdoor-to-indoor propagation |
| spellingShingle | Shoma Tanaka Sho Kimura Ho-Yu Lin Akihiro Sato Hideki Omote Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz IEEE Access Building entry loss high-altitude platform station measurement millimeter-wave modeling outdoor-to-indoor propagation |
| title | Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz |
| title_full | Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz |
| title_fullStr | Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz |
| title_full_unstemmed | Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz |
| title_short | Site-Specific Measurement and Analysis of Building Entry Loss in High-Rise Buildings Across 1 to 30 GHz |
| title_sort | site specific measurement and analysis of building entry loss in high rise buildings across 1 to 30 ghz |
| topic | Building entry loss high-altitude platform station measurement millimeter-wave modeling outdoor-to-indoor propagation |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10980286/ |
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