Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation
This paper reports numerical simulation and experimental evaluation of the cyclic expansion-extrusion (CEE) process of AA6061 aluminum alloy. Commercial software Deform 2D was used to simulate the deformation process. The material model is set up for the simulation problem by tensile tests. Simulati...
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Polish Academy of Sciences
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135509/AMM-2025-2-11-Nguyen.pdf |
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| author | Manh Tien Nguyen Truong An Nguyen |
| author_facet | Manh Tien Nguyen Truong An Nguyen |
| author_sort | Manh Tien Nguyen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper reports numerical simulation and experimental evaluation of the cyclic expansion-extrusion (CEE) process of AA6061 aluminum alloy. Commercial software Deform 2D was used to simulate the deformation process. The material model is set up for the simulation problem by tensile tests. Simulation results are exploited including stress-strain field during the CEE process. They clearly explain the mechanism of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of the CEE method, one of the methods to create ultrafine grains (UFGs) in microstructures for the studied alloy. Tensile and CEE tests were performed at room temperature. The corresponding experimental results also show changes in the microstructure and microhardness of the test specimens. After the cycles of the CEE process, the average microhardness of the deformed specimens increased by approximately 150% compared to the initial microhardness. The UFGs in microstructures were obtained after 4 CEE cycles. The average grain size in the microstructure has been achieved at about 5÷6 μm from the initial value of 100 μm. The results of the paper show the applicability of the CEE method in the fabrication of UFGs materials for subsequent special forming processes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b1f9cbdefdf04cf1be14f4a59c29c3ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2300-1909 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Polish Academy of Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Metallurgy and Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-b1f9cbdefdf04cf1be14f4a59c29c3ba2025-08-20T03:31:21ZengPolish Academy of SciencesArchives of Metallurgy and Materials2300-19092025-06-01vol. 70No 2625632https://doi.org/10.24425/amm.2025.153463Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental EvaluationManh Tien Nguyen0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2525-2645Truong An Nguyen1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2506-3086Le Quy Don Technical University, Facult y of Mechanical Engineering, Ha Noi, VietLe Quy Don Technical University, Facult y of Mechanical Engineering, Ha Noi, VietThis paper reports numerical simulation and experimental evaluation of the cyclic expansion-extrusion (CEE) process of AA6061 aluminum alloy. Commercial software Deform 2D was used to simulate the deformation process. The material model is set up for the simulation problem by tensile tests. Simulation results are exploited including stress-strain field during the CEE process. They clearly explain the mechanism of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of the CEE method, one of the methods to create ultrafine grains (UFGs) in microstructures for the studied alloy. Tensile and CEE tests were performed at room temperature. The corresponding experimental results also show changes in the microstructure and microhardness of the test specimens. After the cycles of the CEE process, the average microhardness of the deformed specimens increased by approximately 150% compared to the initial microhardness. The UFGs in microstructures were obtained after 4 CEE cycles. The average grain size in the microstructure has been achieved at about 5÷6 μm from the initial value of 100 μm. The results of the paper show the applicability of the CEE method in the fabrication of UFGs materials for subsequent special forming processes.https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135509/AMM-2025-2-11-Nguyen.pdfcyclic expansion-extrusionufgsmicrostructureaa6061 aluminum alloy |
| spellingShingle | Manh Tien Nguyen Truong An Nguyen Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation Archives of Metallurgy and Materials cyclic expansion-extrusion ufgs microstructure aa6061 aluminum alloy |
| title | Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation |
| title_full | Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation |
| title_short | Microstructure and Microhardness of AA6061 Aluminum alloy Formed by Cyclic Expansion-extrusion Process: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Evaluation |
| title_sort | microstructure and microhardness of aa6061 aluminum alloy formed by cyclic expansion extrusion process numerical simulation and experimental evaluation |
| topic | cyclic expansion-extrusion ufgs microstructure aa6061 aluminum alloy |
| url | https://journals.pan.pl/Content/135509/AMM-2025-2-11-Nguyen.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manhtiennguyen microstructureandmicrohardnessofaa6061aluminumalloyformedbycyclicexpansionextrusionprocessnumericalsimulationandexperimentalevaluation AT truongannguyen microstructureandmicrohardnessofaa6061aluminumalloyformedbycyclicexpansionextrusionprocessnumericalsimulationandexperimentalevaluation |